Technical and Regulatory Guidance for Surfactant/Cosolvent

1,04

MB

Flushing of DNAPL Source Zones

151

stron

4168

ID

Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council

2003

rok

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . i

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . iii

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Scope of Document. 1

1.2 Policy Implications .1

2.0 TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION AND STATUS 2

2.1 Technology Description2

2.2 Technology Status. 5

2.3 Applicability 6

2.4 Limitations 7

2.5 Cost . 10

3.0 PREDESIGN CHARACTERIZATION.11

3.1 Purpose and Objectives. 11

3.2 Geosystem Model Development.12

3.3 DNAPL Source Zone Delineation 15

3.4 Characterization of DNAPL Properties 20

3.5 Aquifer Characterization Methods 21

3.6 Characterizing Groundwater and Source Water Chemical/Fluid Properties 24

4.0 SYSTEM OPERATION CONSIDERATIONS . 25

4.1 Design & Construction . 25

4.2 Site Preparation.36

4.3 System Start-up.37

4.4 System Operation37

5.0 PROCESS MONITORING 38

5.1 Surfactant/Cosolvent Contaminant Analysis 38

5.2 Groundwater Quality Monitoring . 41

5.3 Injection/Extraction Flow Rate Monitoring 42

5.4 Waste Stream Monitoring. 42

5.5 Sampling and Analytical Methods 42

6.0 PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT 43

7.0 REGULATORY . 44

7.1 Permitting44

7.2 Health and Safety Issues . 48

8.0 STAKEHOLDER/PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT49

9.0 REFERENCES . 52