An Introduction to Characterizing Sites Contaminated with

2,27

MB

DNAPLs

73

stron

4169

ID

Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council

2003

rok

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION . 1

2.0 OVERVIEW OF THE DNAPL PROBLEM . 1

2.1 What Are DNAPLs? . 2

2.2 Behavior of DNAPLs in the Subsurface . 2

3.0 CHARACTERIZING SITES CONTAMINATED WITH DNAPLS 8

3.1 Why Characterizing DNAPL Sites Is Difficult . .8

3.2 Overview of DNAPL Site Characterization Process . .9

3.3 Establishing Goals and Objectives . 10

3.4 Planning and Conducting a DNAPL Site Investigation . 10

3.5 How Much Source Area Characterization Is Enough? . 12

4.0 DYNAMIC APPROACH TO DNAPL SITE CHARACTERIZATION . 14

4.1 Introduction to Systematic Planning . 14

4.2 Reviewing Site Information and Developing a Conceptual Site Model 14

4.3 Developing a Flexible Work Plan . 17

4.4 Real-Time Field Analytical Methods: Quantity versus Quality . 18

5.0 DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES AND INTRUSIVE SITE INVESTIGATION METHODOLOGY

. 20

5.1 Geophysics . 20

5.2 Characterizing DNAPLs in Unconsolidated Materials . 21

5.3 Characterizing DNAPLs in Bedrock . 27

5.4 DNAPL Site Characterization as Part of a Full Site Investigation 28

6.0 REGULATORY ISSUES 29

7.0 REFERENCES 30