Overview of Groundwater Remediation Technologies for MTBE

2,42

MB

and TBA

131

stron

4174

ID

Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council

2005

rok

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. i

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . iii

1. INTRODUCTION .1

2. PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND SAMPLE PRESERVATION AND

ANALYTICAL METHODS.3

2.1 Fuel Oxygenates 3

2.2 Description of Physical and Chemical Properties. 4

2.3 Fate and Transport Processes 10

2.4 Sample Preservation and Analytical Methods for MTBE and Other Oxygenates 13

3. SITE EVALUATION AND CLEANUP REQUIREMENTS.16

3.1 Conceptual Site Model 16

3.2 Site Characterization Issues 17

3.3 Regulatory Issues 29

3.4 Considerations in Choosing Appropriate Technologies . 31

3.5 Performance Monitoring. 33

3.6 Public Considerations in Specifying a Treatment Technology. 36

4. TREATMENT METHODS.39

4.1 Groundwater Extraction and Aboveground Treatment: Pump and Treat. 39

4.2 Air Sparging 53

4.3 In Situ Bioremediation 63

4.4 Chemical Oxidation 70

4.5 Phytoremediation 73

4.6 Monitored Natural Attenuation. 76

4.7 Cost Comparison Summary 80

5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 81

6. REFERENCES 83

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A. Acronyms

APPENDIX B. Response to Review Comments

APPENDIX C. ITRC Contacts, Fact Sheet, and Product List