Marine Biotechnology: A European Strategy for Marine

0,43
MB Biotechnology

117
stron

4255
ID ESF Marine Board, European Science Foundation

1999
rok

Contents

1 EUROPEAN INITIATIVES FOR GROUNDWATER POLLUTION RESEARCH .11

1.1 The European Science Foundation scientific program on groundwater pollution 11

1.2 Mistra 13

2 SOURCES AND CLASSES OF GROUNDWATER POLLUTANTS 15

3 THE CONFERENCE17

4 CONFERENCE PROGAMME19

5 CONFERENCE PARTICIPANTS.23

6 REPORT FROM THE WORKING GROUPS25

6.1 Working group 1 25

6.1.1 Analysis and Detection . 25

6.1.2 Physical Transport 26

6.2 Working group 2 27

6.2.1 Chemical Transformation and Immobilisation . 27

6.2.2 Biotransformation . 28

6.2.3 An Interdisciplinary Approach . 30

6.3 Working group 3 31

6.3.1 Processes in the Subsurface 31

7 CONTRIBUTED PRESENTATIONS33

7.1 Physical transport in pollution spreading and control; Miran Veselic33

7.1.1 Pollution spreading . 33

7.1.2 Physical transport in terrestrial environments . 33

7.1.2.1 Flow and mass transport in porous media. 33

7.1.2.2 Flow and mass transport related models of porous media 36

7.1.3 Pollution control 38

7.1.4 Research deficits and objectives 38

7.2 Occurrence and analytical aspects of petroleum in crystalline bedrock; Katarina Abrahamsson

39

7.2.1 Introduction . 39

7.2.2 Description of the caverns and their operation 39

7.2.3 Mobility of petroleum products 40

7.2.3.1 Analytical procedures 40

7.2.3.2 Groundwater. 41

7.2.3.3 Crystalline rock . 41

7.2.3.4 Degradation products 42

7.2.4 References . 42

7.3 Groundwater pollution: modelling flow and transport processes at the field scale; Jerker Jarsjö ,

Georgia Destouni and Vladimir Cvetkovic43

7.3.1 Abstract 43

7.3.2 Introduction/ the pollution problem 43

7.3.3 Current knowledge . 44

7.3.4 Ongoing research, examples 46

7.3.5 Prospective research 47

7.3.6 References . 48

7.4 Environmental isotopes in groundwater pollution investigations; Sonja Lojen and Milena Horvat

49

7.4.1 Abstract 49

7.4.2 The problem . 49

7.4.3 References . 54

7.5 Biotransformation of organic pollutants of relevance for contaminated soil and groundwater; Bo

H. Svensson 56

7.5.1 Introduction . 56

7.5.2 Frames for biotransformation of organic pollutants . 57

7.5.3 Ongoing research . 58

7.5.4 Research areas to be visited 59

7.6 Natural and artificial barriers as a tool for remediation of contaminated groundwater; Bedbur, E.

and Dahmke A 60

7.6.1 References . 63

7.7 Pollution of the environment by heavy metals from copper shale mining in Central Germany:

dispersion, transport and immobilisation; Peter Schreck and Walter Glaesser 64

7.7.1 Abstract 64

7.7.2 The pollution problem . 64

7.7.3 Current knowledge . 65

7.7.4 Airborne dispersion of pollutants . 66

7.7.5 Mechanical erosion and dispersion of metalliferous sediments by the surface water 67

7.7.6 Leaching of pollutants from Theisen sludge by precipitation . 67

7.7.7 Ongoing research . 67

7.7.8 Prospective Research and Conclusions . 70

7.7.9 References . 71

7.8 Occurrence and transport of contaminants in groundwater: two examples to show site- and

milieu-specific aspects; Margot Isenbeck- Schröter 72

7.8.1 Abstract 72

7.8.2 Introduction . 72

7.8.2.1 Pollutants of concern, current knowledge and research activities 72

7.8.2.2 Pesticides . 73

7.8.2.3 Metals . 76

7.8.3 Conclusions and Prospects 77

7.8.4 References . 78

7.9 Long-term changes of groundwater quality due to atmospheric deposition and remediation

activities; Bo B. Lind . 81

7.9.1 Abstract 81

7.9.2 Introduction . 81

7.9.3 Current knowledge . 82

7.9.4 Ongoing research . 82

7.9.5 Prospective research 86

7.9.6 References . 86

7.10 Models for the combination of transport and geochemical reactions in groundwater; Horst D

Schulz 87

7.10.1 Using adsorption/desorption with different isotherms and decay is no sufficient . 87

7.10.2 Column experiments as a tool the understanding of processes and parameters . 87

7.10.3 The technique of operator splitting as the way to complex transport/reaction models . 88

7.10.4 The model CoTReM (Column Transport and Reaction Model) . 89

7.10.5 (Redox-)Reaction fronts in marine sediments . 90

7.10.6 Upscaling of processes and modelling: the concept of (redox-) reaction fronts 91

7.10.7 Prospective research 91

7.10.8 References . 91

7.11 Processes in the subsurface: from black box towards understanding; Wim Harder. 93

7.11.1 Abstract 93

7.11.2 Introduction . 93

7.11.3 Diffuse pollution 94

7.11.4 Local pollution 94

7.11.5 Intensive exploitation and use of the subsurface 95

7.11.6 Prospective research 95

7.11.7 References . 96

7.12 Environmental quality criteria for Sweden; Thomas Nilsson 96

7.12.1 Abstract 96

7.13 Microbial processes in hard rock aquifers and their potential influence on hydrocarbon pollution

and radionuclide migration; Karsten Pedersen . 97

7.13.1 Abstract 97

7.13.2 Introduction . 97

7.13.2.1 .Hydrocarbon pollution of hard rock aquifers . 97

7.13.2.2 . Radionuclide migration in hard rock aquifers . 98

7.13.3 Current knowledge . 98

7.13.3.1 .Hydrocarbon pollution of hard rock aquifers . 98

7.13.3.2 . Radionuclide migration in hard rock aquifers . 99

7.13.3.3 .Hydrocarbon pollution of hard rock aquifers . 100

7.13.3.4 . Radionuclide migration in hard rock aquifers . 100

7.13.4 Prospective research 100

7.13.5 References . 101

7.14 In-situ bioremediation of contaminated aquifers - scale up investigations; Ute Rößner 105

7.14.1 Introduction . 105

7.14.2 Site characterization and concept of the remediation technology 105

7.14.3 Sampling sediment and water . 106

7.14.4 Estimation of potential microbial activity . 106

7.14.5 Investigation on microbial transformation of contaminants 107

7.14.6 Overall transport of contaminants . 107

7.14.7 Conclusions on perspective resea rch work . 108

7.15 Microbial activity in cold climate; Mirja S. Salkinoja-Salonen, Mika A. Kähkönen, Christophe

Wittmann, Rainer Peltola, Jukka 109

7.15.1 Abstract 109

7.15.2 Introduction . 109

7.15.3 Descriptions of the study sites 110

7.15.4 Microbial activities in soil: methods . 110

7.15.5 Cold season microbial ac tivities in soils: results 111

7.15.6 Organic matter and –pollutant degraders in the cold : who are they? 113

7.15.6.1 Season . 115

7.15.7 Acknowledgements. . 116

7.15.8 References . 116