Wood Furniture: The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 and

1,85

MB

Pollution Prevention Opportunities

135

stron

4273

ID

Northeast Waste Management Officials' Association

2000

rok

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1

1.1 Brief Regulatory Perspective 2

1.2 Adverse Health Effects of Selected VHAPs 4

1.3 Sources of VHAP Emissions and Waste Generation 5

1.3.1 WoodSurfaceFinishing . .

Nitrocellulose Coatings 8

Catalyzed Coatings . 9

1.3.2 Application Equipment 9

Manual Spray Gun Application . 10

1.3.3 Gluing Operations . 11

1.3.4 Housekeeping 13

Ah-Emissions 13

Solid and/or Hazardous Wastes . 15

1.4 Summary of The Wood Furniture NESHAP . 16

Facilities Covered by the NESHAP 17

Definition of Wood Furniture Manufacture 17

Determining if a Facility is a Major Source - Potential to Emit 18

Exemptions 2 1

Compliance Dates . 23

General Requirements 23

EmissionLimits 2 4

Work Practice Standards 25

Record Keeping and Reporting . 26

Record Keeping - Emission Limits 26

Record Keeping - Work Practice Standards 27

Record Keeping - Exemptions 28

Reporting ..2 8

1.5 Other Clean Air Act Amendment Requirements - Title I 29

1.5.1 Control Technique Guidelines (CTG) - Emission Limits 30

1.5.2 Difberences Between the NESHAP and the CTG 31

1.6 Implementation oftheNESHAP and CTG- Title V . 31

1.7 Summary . 32

CHAPTER 2: POLLUTION PREVENTION . 33

2.1 Defining Pollution Prevention 34

2.2 Benefits of Pollution Prevention 3 5

2.2.1 Reduced Operating Costs . 36

2.2.2 Reduced Regulatory Compliance Issues 37

2.2.3 Reduced Liability . 37

2.2.4 Improved Employee Morale and Participation 38

2.2.5 Enhanced Company Image 38

2.2.6 Increased Public Health and Environmental Benefits . 38

Establishing a Pollution Prevention Program . 3 S

2.3.1 Establishing a P2 Team . 39

2.3.2 Preliminary Evaluation . 40

2.3.3 In-Depth Study . 41

Understanding the Current Process 4 1

Screening Pollution Prevention Options 4 1

Technical Evaluation . 42

EconomicEvaluation 4 2

Environmental Evaluation . 45

2.3.4 Continuous Improvement . 45

Overcoming Possible Barriers to Pollution Prevention . 46

2.4.1 Effect on Production Rates 46

2.4.2 Product Quality and Customer Acceptance 47

2.4.3 Time and Resources . 47

2.4.4 Regulatory Status . 47

2.4.5 Lackofbtformation . 48

Conclusions 4 8

CHAPTER 3: POLLUTION PREVENTION OPPORTUNITIES . 49

Coatings.. 50

3.1.1 NESHAP Requirements 51

3.1.2 P2 Technologies 54

High-solids Nitrocellulose Coatings54

Aqueous-Based Coatings . 56

UV-CuredCoatings . 60

Polyester/Polyurethane Coatings 63

A Combination of the Above Pollution Prevention Options 65

Application Equipment . 66

3.2.1 NESHAP Requirements 66

3.2.2 P2 Technologies . 67

HVLP Spray Gun . 68

AirlessSprayGun . 70

Air-assisted Airless Spray Gun . 70

Electrostatic Application 7 1

Flatline Continuous Coating Systems 72

Dip Coating . 73

Gluing Operations 74

3.3.1 NESHAP Requirements 74

3.3.2 P2 Technologies 75

H o t M e h 7 5

Heat Seal . 75

Aqueous-based . 76

Polyvinyl Acetate (PVA) 76

Cleaning Operations . 77

3.4.1 NESHAP Requirements 77

3.4.2 P2 Technologies 78

Gun/Line Cleaning 79

OperatorTraining . 79

3.5.1 NESHAP Requirements SO

3.5.2 P2 Opportunities 81

3.6 Housekeeping 82

3.6.1 NESHAP Requirements . 82

3.6.2 P2 and Recycling Technologies . 83

Spill Prevention . 83

Purchasing and Handling of Raw Materials 83

Solvent Recycling . 84

Lacquer Dust Recycling 84

Metal Filters . 85

Other Substitutions 85

CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSIONS . 87

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A: History of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 A- 1

APPENDIX B: General Information on the Wood Finishing Process B- 1

APPENDIX C: Summary of State Rules Affecting the Wood Furniture Industry . C- 1

APPENDIX D: Lists of VHAPs Regulated by the NESHAP . D-l

APPENDIX E: Information Resources . E- 1