SYNTHESIS OF POLY(DL-LACTIDE-CO-GLYCOLIDE)

3,11

MB

NANOPARTICLES WITH ENTRAPPED MAGNETITE

160

stron

4306

ID

Louisiana State University

2006

rok

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. iii

LIST OF TABLES vii

LIST OF FIGURES . viii

ABSTRACT. x

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1

1.1. Method Selection 2

1.2. Materials Selection 3

1.2.1. Polymer (PLGA). 3

1.2.2. Solvent (Ethyl Acetate). 4

1.2.3. Surfactant (SDS) . 4

1.3. Processing Parameters 5

1.4. References. 5

CHAPTER 2 SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PLGA NANOPARTICLES AND

MAGNETIC POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES: A REVIEW. 8

2.1. Introduction. 8

2.2. Synthesis of PLGA Nanoparticles 9

2.2.1. Emulsion Diffusion Method . 9

2.2.2. Salting Out Method. 16

2.2.3. Nanoprecipitation (Solvent Diffusion, or Solvent Displacement) Method 19

2.2.4. Emulsion Evaporation Method . 25

2.2.4.1. Oil in Water Emulsion Method (Single Emulsion).27

2.2.4.2. Double Emulsion (w/o/w) Method .32

2.2.5. Important Modifications of Traditional Methods . 36

2.2.5.1. Membrane Emulsion Evaporation Method.37

2.2.5.2. Spray Dry Method for Water in Oil37

2.2.5.3. Spryer Solvent Displacement with Dialysis and Freeze Dryer Stabilization37

2.2.5.4. Double Emulsion with Emulsion Diffusion38

2.2.5.5. Dialysis Method for Modified PLGA.39

2.3. Magnetic Polymeric Nanoparticles (MPNPs). 41

2.3.1. Polymerization Methods . 41

2.3.2. Chemical and Physical Entrapment of Magnetite. 48

2.3.2.1. Chemical Entrapment and Surface Modification of Magnetite: .48

2.3.2.2. Physical Entrapment .48

2.3.3. Surface Modification 49

2.4. Characterization 50

2.4.1. Morphology. 50

2.4.2. Size and Size Distribution. 51

2.4.3. Surface Properties . 51

2.4.4. Active Component Entrapment. 52

2.4.5. Other Techniques 52

2.5. Conclusions. 53

2.6. References. 54

CHAPTER 3. SYNTHESIS OF POLY(DL-LACTIDE-CO-GLYCOLIDE) NANOPARTICLES WITH

ENTRAPPED MAGNETITE 68

3.1. Introduction. 68

3.2. Objectives . 69

3.3. Materials and Methods 69

3.3.1. Materials . 69

3.3.2. Nanoparticles Preparation. 70

3.3.2.1. Hydrophobic Magnetite 70

3.3.2.2. Single Emulsion Evaporation with Hydrophobic Magnetite 70

3.3.3. Nanoparticles Characterization. 71

3.3.3.1. Morphology and Size71

3.3.3.2. Size and Zeta Potential71

3.3.3.3. Colorimetric Method for Iron Content71

3.3.3.4. Thermogravimetric Analysis 72

3.3.3.5. Statistical Analysis72

3.4. Results and Discussions 72

3.4.1. Single Emulsion Evaporation with Hydrophobic Magnetite 72

3.4.1.1. Morphology and Magnetite Distribution into the Polymeric Matrix 72

3.4.1.2. The Effect of Synthesis Parameters on Nanoparticle Physical Characteristics 76

3.4.1.3. Yield of Nanoparticles, Entrapment Efficiency of MOA, Remaining SDS, and Oleic Acid

Amount over Magnetite .84

3.5. Conclusions. 87

3.6. References. 87

CHAPTER 4. CONCLUSIONS. 90

CHAPTER 5. FUTURE WORK 91

APPENDIX

A.AUTHORIZATION FOR REPRODUCTIONS. 93

B.STANDARD CURVE FOR IRON DETECTION 101

C.SIZE MEASUREMENTS WITH DLS (MALVERN ZETASIZER NANOSERIES) 102

D.STATISTICS ANALYSIS OF DATA . 126

VITA 150