Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions From U.S. Transportation

0,51

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80

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4339

ID

Pew Center on Global Climate Change

2003

rok

Contents

Foreword ii

Executive Summary iii

I. Introduction 1

A. The World’s Largest Transportation System 1

B. A Global Energy Transition 4

C. Trends in Transportation Activity, Energy Use, and Efficiency 6

D. Options for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Transportation 10

II. Energy Efficiency 13

A. Passenger Cars and Light Trucks 13

B. Heavy-Duty Vehicles 18

C. Commercial Aircraft 20

D. Rail, Water, and Pipeline 21

E. The Next 15 Years and Beyond 22

III. Alternative Fuels 24

A. Light-Duty Vehicles 24

B. Heavy-Duty Vehicles 31

C. Non-Highway Modes 31

D. The Next 15 Years and Beyond 32

IV. System Efficiency 35

A. Reducing the Circuity of Travel 36

B. Increasing Vehicle Occupancy Rates 36

C. Shifting Traffic to More Energy-Efficient Modes 37

D. Vehicle Maintenance and Driver Behavior 39

V. Reducing Transportation Activity 40

A. Changing Land Use to Substitute Accessibility for Travel 40

B. Pricing Transportation 41

C. Travel Reduction Measures—A Summary 45

VI. Policy Options 46

A. Research, Development, and Demonstration 46

B. Energy Efficiency Standards 47

C. Alternative Fuels 48

D. Pricing Policies 49

E. Land Use Planning and Infrastructure Investment 50

F. Public Information and Education 50

G. The Right Mix 51

H. How Much Can Carbon Emissions Be Reduced? 51

VII. Conclusions 55

Endnotes 58