Evaluation of Options to Improve the Life-Cycle Environmental

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Performance of Mobile Phones

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NOKIA CORPORATION

2006

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Table of Contents

List of Figures

List of Tables

1. INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 INTEGRATED PRODUCT POLICY PILOT PROJECT ON MOBILE PHONES.1

1.2 SCOPE OF THE PILOT.2

1.3 OBJECTIVES IN STAGE III.2

1.4 METHODOLOGY IN STAGE III 2

1.5 LIMITATIONS IN STAGE III.3

1.6 DEVELOPMENT OF THE STAGE III REPORT .3

2. CLASSIFICATIONS OF THE IMPROVEMENT OPTIONS. 5

3. IMPROVEMENT OPTIONS FOR FURTHER CONSIDERATION - QUALIFIED. 15

3.1 HIGH ENVIRONMENTAL PRIORITY OPTIONS.15

3.2 MEDIUM ENVIRONMENTAL PRIORITY OPTIONS .27

3.3 LOW ENVIRONMENTAL PRIORITY OPTIONS 29

4. IMPROVEMENT OPTIONS UNDERWAY - ONGOING . 31

4.1 HIGH ENVIRONMENTAL PRIORITY OPTIONS.31

4.2 MEDIUM ENVIRONMENTAL PRIORITY OPTIONS .39

4.3 LOW ENVIRONMENTAL PRIORITY OPTIONS 46

5. IMPROVEMENT OPTIONS CURRENTLY DISCOUNTED - DISQUALIFIED . 49

5.1 MEDIUM ENVIRONMENTAL PRIORITY OPTIONS .49

5.2 LOW ENVIRONMENTAL PRIORITY OPTIONS 50

6. POLICY TOOLS. 53

6.1 POLICY TOOLS FOR ENERGY 54

6.1.1 Voluntary Environmental Agreements 55

6.1.2 Other Voluntary Measures .55

6.1.3 Recommendations.55

6.2 POLICY TOOLS FOR MATERIALS AND SUBSTANCES.56

6.2.1 Voluntary Environmental Agreements 56

6.2.2 Regulatory Instruments 56

6.2.3 New developments in the EU product related environmental legislation .59

6.2.4 Recommendations.59

6.3 POLICY TOOLS FOR END-OF-LIFE .59

6.3.1 Regulatory Instruments 60

6.3.2 Voluntary Environmental Agreements 62

6.3.3 Recommendations.62

6.4 INFORMATION FLOWS.62

6.4.1 Supply Chain Information 62

6.4.2 Information for Consumers.63

6.4.3 Educational & awareness activities .65

6.4.4 Information for Recyclers 65

6.4.5 Recommendations.66

6.5 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT METHODS/TOOLS66

6.5.1 Working Arrangements and Standards.66

6.6 OTHER SIGNIFICANT POLICY MEASURES67

6.6.1 Green Public Procurement (GPP) .67

6.6.2 Incentives for Front-Runners .68

6.6.3 Harmonisation of Legislation . 69

6.6.4 Improvements for Voluntary Environmental Agreements. 69

6.7 SUMMARY 70

7. CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK73

BIBLIOGRAPHY.77

ABBREVIATIONS.79

APPENDIX A: LIST OF STAKEHOLDERS PARTICIPATING IN NOKIA’S IPP PILOT PROJECT ON

MOBILE PHONES 81

APPENDIX B: GUIDELINES FOLLOWED FOR ANALYSING THE IMPROVEMENT OPTIONS.83

APPENDIX C: VOLUNTARY AGREEMENTS IN THE ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY .85

APPENDIX D: ANALYSIS OF TYPE I, TYPE II AND TYPE III ECO-INFORMATION SCHEMES IN

CONTEXT OF MOBILE PHONES .89

APPENDIX E: ISSUES WITH USING LCA FOR COMPLEX PRODUCTS LIKE MOBILE PHONES 91

APPENDIX F: EU REGULATIONS MOST RELEVANT TO ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

OF MOBILE PHONES.93