Technologies, Policies and Measures for Mitigating Climate

0,66

MB

Change

94

stron

4410

ID

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

1999

rok

Contents

Preface v

Technical Summary 3

Residential, Commercial and Institutional Buildings Sector . 3

Transport Sector 4

Industrial Sector 4

Energy Supply Sector 5

Agricultural Sector 5

Forest Sector . 6

Solid Waste and Wastewater Disposal 6

Economic Instruments . 6

1. Introduction 9

1.1 Purpose and Context 9

1.2 Scope and Organization 9

1.3 Sources of Information 9

1.4 Measures Considered . 9

1.5 Criteria for Analysis 10

1.6 Baseline Projections of Energy Use and Carbon Dioxide Emissions 11

2. Residential, Commercial and Institutional Buildings Sector 13

2.1 Introduction 13

2.2 Technologies for Reducing GHG Emissions in the Residential, Commercial and Institutional

Buildings Sector . 13

2.3 Measures for Reducing GHG Emissions in the Residential, Commercial and Institutional

Buildings Sector 17

2.4 Global Carbon Emissions Reductions through Technologies and Measures in the Residential,

Commercial and Institutional Buildings Sector 20

3. Transport Sector . 21

3.1 Introduction 21

3.2 Global Carbon Emission Trends and Projections . 21

3.3 Technologies for Reducing GHG Emissions in the Transport Sector 22

3.4 Measures for Reducing GHG Emissions in the Transport Sector . 23

4. Industrial Sector . 31

4.1 Introduction 31

4.2 Technologies for Reducing GHG Emissions in the Industrial Sector 31

4.3 Measures for Reducing GHG Emissions in the Industrial Sector . 33

4.4 Global Carbon Emissions Reductions through Technologies and Measures in the Industrial

Sector . 36

5. Energy Supply Sector . 37

5.1 Introduction 37

5.2 Technologies for Reducing GHG Emissions in the Energy Supply Sector 37

5.3 Measures for Reducing GHG Emissions in the Energy Supply Sector . 43

6. Agriculture Sector 49

6.1 Introduction 49

6.2 Technologies for Reducing GHG Emissions in the Agriculture Sector . 49

6.3 Measures for Reducing GHG Emissions in the Agriculture Sector 53

7. Forest Sector 55

7.1 Introduction 55

7.2 Technologies for Reducing GHG Emissions in the Forest Sector . 55

7.3 Measures for Reducing GHG Emissions in the Forest Sector 56

8. Solid Waste and Wastewater Disposal 63

8.1 Introduction 63

8.2 Technical Options for Controlling Methane Emissions 63

8.3 Measures for Methane Reduction and Recovery . 64

8.4 Comparison of Alternative Measures and Policies 66

9. Economic Instruments 69

9.1 Introduction 69

9.2 National-level Economic Instruments . 69

9.3 International-level Economic Instruments 70

9.4 Assessment of Economic Instruments . 72

9.5 Comparing Tradable Permit/Quota and Tax Systems 74

Appendices

A. Baseline Projections . 75

B. IPCC Documents Used as Sources of Information 80

C. Acronyms and Abbreviations 81

D. Units 82

E. Glossary of Terms 83

List of IPCC outputs 85