| | Bioaccumulation Testing And Interpretation For The Purpose Of |
| | 0,36 | | MB | Sediment Quality Assessment: Status and Needs |
| | 136 | | stron |
| | 4419 | | ID | UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY |
| | 2000 | | rok |
| | CONTENTS |
| | Acknowledgments . vii |
| | Executive Summary ix |
| | Glossary . xvii |
| | 1. Introduction 1 |
| | 1.1 Problem Statement . 1 |
| | 1.2 Purpose . 1 |
| | 1.3 Scope of the Document . 2 |
| | 1.4 Regulatory Uses . 2 |
| | 1.5 Definitions . 5 |
| | 1.6 References . 7 |
| | 2. Factors Affecting Bioavailability 9 |
| | 2.1 Overview 9 |
| | 2.2 Routes of Exposure 9 |
| | 2.3 Physical Factors . 9 |
| | 2.4 Chemical Factors . 10 |
| | 2.5 Biological Factors 13 |
| | 2.6 References 14 |
| | 3. Methods for Assessing Bioaccumulation . 19 |
| | 3.1 Introduction . 19 |
| | 3.2 Laboratory and Field Methods for Assessing Bioaccumulation 21 |
| | 3.2.1 Laboratory Determination of Bioaccumulation 21 |
| | 3.2.2 Field Determination of Bioaccumulation . 24 |
| | 3.2.3 Statistical Design Considerations 27 |
| | 3.3 Approaches for Modeling Bioaccumulation 28 |
| | 3.3.1 Introduction . 28 |
| | 3.3.2 Empirical Models . 29 |
| | 3.3.3 Mechanistic Models . 35 |
| | 3.4 Use of Critical Body Residue Approach 39 |
| | 3.5 Application of Approaches in Deriving Tissue Residue-linked Sediment Chemical Levels . 40 |
| | 3.6 References 43 |
| | 4. Important Bioaccumulative Chemicals . 51 |
| | 4.1 Overview . 51 |
| | 4.2 Rationale for Choice of Chemicals 52 |
| | 4.3 Summary Data in Tables 56 |
| | 4.4 Insights from Chemical Summary Tables 58 |
| | 4.5 References 61 |
| | 5. Summary of Agency Information on Bioaccumulation Data Collection and Interpretation 65 |
| | 5.1 EPA Headquarters Programs 65 |
| | 5.1.1 Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances (OPPTS) 68 |
| | 5.1.2 Office of Air and Radiation (OAR) 72 |
| | 5.1.3 Office of Research and Development (ORD) . 73 |
| | 5.1.4 Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER) . 77 |
| | 5.1.5 Office of Water (OW) . 82 |
| | 5.2 EPA Regions 91 |
| | Region 1 . 91 |
| | Region 2 . 92 |
| | Region 3 . 94 |
| | Region 5 . 95 |
| | Great Lakes National Program Office 96 |
| | Region 6 . 97 |
| | Region 7 . 97 |
| | Region 9 . 97 |
| | Region 10 98 |
| | 5.3 International Efforts . 99 |
| | 5.4 Summaries of Regional and Headquarters Activities . 102 |
| | 5.5 References . 104 |
| | 6. Issues and Research Needs for Interpreting Bioaccumulation Data for the Purpose of Sediment |
| | Quality Assessment 109 |
| | Appendix: Chemical-Specific Summary Tables (separate volume) |