An Analysis of Hybrid Electric Propulsion Systems for Transit

0,92
MB Buses

64
stron

4483
ID National Renewable Energy Laboratory

2002
rok

Table of Contents

TABLE OF FIGURES 2

TABLE OF TABLES 4

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. 5

1 INTRODUCTION. 8

2 BACKGROUND ON TRANSIT BUS MODEL DEVELOPMENT 8

3 DIESEL AND DIESEL HYBRID BUS MODELS 9

3.1 BASELINE FUEL ECONOMY 10

3.2 ENERGY EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS USING ADVISOR. 13

3.3 PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS 23

4 NATURAL GAS AND NATURAL-GAS-HYBRID BUS MODELS . 35

4.1 BASELINE FUEL ECONOMY 36

4.2 ENERGY EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS USING ADVISOR. 39

4.3 PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS 48

5 PLANNED AUXILIARY LOADS MODELING ENHANCEMENTS 55

5.1 THE MODELING OF AUXILIARY LOADS THROUGH CO-SIMULATION WITH SABER . 57

5.2 MODELING FOR VEHICLE CLIMATE CONTROL. 58

6 CONCLUSION 60

7 REFERENCES .. 61