Basic Research Needs for Countering Terrorism

2,79

MB

142

stron

4585

ID

Sandia National Laboratories

2002

rok

Contents

Executive Summary 5

1 Introduction. 9

1.1 Context for Scientific and Technological Applications for Countering Terrorism 11

1.2 Opportunities for Basic Research . 11

1.3 Challenges to the Basic Research Community. 12

2 Radiological/Nuclear Threats 15

2.1 Terrorism Threats and Technology Needs . 15

2.1.1 Detection.16

2.1.2 Preparedness .18

2.1.3 Prevention .19

2.1.4 Protection/Response and Recovery 20

2.2 BES Research Accomplishments and Implications for Counter Terrorism 21

2.2.1 Heavy Element Chemistry 21

2.2.2 Separations and Analysis 24

2.2.3 Radiation Chemistry .28

2.2.4 Experimental Condensed Matter Physics . 28

2.2.5 Mechanical Behavior of Materials and Radiation Effects 29

2.2.6 Synchrotron and Neutron User Facilities . 29

2.2.7 Geosciences 29

2.3 Scientific Issues and Research Opportunities. 32

2.3.1 Detection.32

2.3.2 Preparedness .37

2.3.3 Prevention .39

2.3.4 Protection/Response and Recovery 41

2.4 Research Needs. 46

2.4.1 Scientific Issues 46

2.4.1 Research Environment and Infrastructure 48

2.4.3 Relationships with Other Programs 50

2.4.4 Dual-Use Opportunities 51

3 Chemical Threats 53

3.1 Terrorism Threats and Technology Needs . 53

3.1.1 Chemical Warfare Agents. 53

3.1.2 TIMs .55

3.1.3 Explosives.56

3.2 BES Research Accomplishments and Implications for Countering Terrorism 58

3.2.1 Detection.58

3.2.2 Preparedness .66

3.2.3 Prevention .66

3.2.4 Protection67

3.2.5 Response and Recovery 68

3.3 Scientific Issues and Research Opportunities. 69

3.3.1 Detection.69

3.3.2 Prevention .78

3.3.3 Protection, Response, and Recovery 79

3.3.4 Preparedness .84

3.4 Research Needs. 85

3.4.1 Scientific Issues 85

3.4.2 Research Environment and Infrastructure 86

3.4.3 Relationships with Other Programs 87

3.4.4 Dual-Use Opportunities 87

4 Biological Threats 89

4.1 Terrorism Threats and Technology Needs . 89

4.2 BES Research Accomplishments and Implications 93

4.2.1 Nanophase Materials 93

4.2.2 Interfaces.98

4.2.3 Integrated Systems98

4.2.4 Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy 98

4.3 Scientific Issues and Opportunities 102

4.3.1 Detection and Identification .102

4.4 Medical Diagnostics . 115

4.4.1 Protection121

4.4.2 Decontamination and Remediation. 124

4.5 Research Needs. 128

4.5.1 Scientific Issues 128

4.5.2 Research Environment and Infrastructure Requirements . 130

4.5.3 Relationships with Other Programs 130

4.5.4 Dual-Use Opportunities 132

5 Workshop Conclusions and Recommendations . 135

5.1 Cross-Cutting Research 136

5.2 Research Environments and Infrastructures . 137

5.3 Relationships with Other Programs 139

5.4 Dual-Use Opportunities 139

Appendix I - CT Roster 141