THE STATE OF THE DRUGS PROBLEM IN THE ACCEDING AND

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CANDIDATE COUNTRIES TO THE EUROPEAN UNION

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European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction

2003

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Contents

Foreword 7

Acknowledgements 9

Note 9

Introduction 11

Chapter 1: Overview of the drugs situation in the CEECs — situation and responses

Historical overview 13

Thematic analysis of situation and responses 17

Public health and social policy: key challenges for the future 31

Chapter 2: Drug and alcohol use among young people Main findings 35

Comparative analysis of available data 37

Health and social consequences 40

Demand and harm reduction responses 41

Conclusions 44

Chapter 3: Drug-related infectious diseases

Introduction 47

Prevalence of and trends in HIV infection 48

Prevalence of and trends in hepatitis C infection 49

Hepatitis B infection 50

Tuberculosis and other diseases 51

Drug-related infectious diseases’ risk behaviour 51

Substitution treatment 54

Vaccination against hepatitis B 54

Access to counselling and testing 55

Access to treatment 55

Summary and conclusions 55

Chapter 4: Characteristics of drug strategies in the acceding and candidate countries

Introduction 59

Legislation 59

National drug strategies 60

Conclusions 68

Bibliography 73

National focal points in the acceding and candidate countries 77