| | ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE OF THE DRUGS PROBLEM IN THE |
| | 0,71 | | MB | EUROPEAN UNION - France |
| | 98 | | stron |
| | 4638 | | ID | European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction |
| | 2003 | | rok |
| | INTRODUCTION 4 |
| | PART I : NATIONAL POLICIES: LEGAL & ORGANISATIONAL FRAMEWORK 5 |
| | CHAPTER 1.OVERVIEW OF DRUG POLICY. 5 |
| | CHAPTER 2.SUMMARY OF RELEVANT LEGISLATION AND PENALTIES . 6 |
| | CHAPTER 3.KEY ADMINISTRATIVE AND ORGANISATIONAL ACTORS 6 |
| | 3.1_Key actors, their roles and relationships between them 6 |
| | 3.2_Budgets and funding arrangements 8 |
| | 3.3_International cooperation 8 |
| | CHAPTER 4.NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN THE REPORTING YEAR (1996) 11 |
| | 4.1_Changes in policy or legislation 11 |
| | 4.2_Administrative and organisational changes 12 |
| | 4.3_New information requirements regarding drug policy 12 |
| | PART II : DRUG MONITORING SYSTEMS AND SOURCES OF INFORMATION. 14 |
| | CHAPTER 5.NATIONAL MONITORING AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS 14 |
| | The existing system 14 |
| | CHAPTER 6.DESCRIPTION OF NATIONAL FOCAL POINT(S) 15 |
| | 6.1_Organisation and operation. 15 |
| | 6.2_Legal basis, rules and procedures, staffing, financing 15 |
| | 6.3_Network of partners of the Focal Point. 16 |
| | 6.4_Relationship to national monitoring and information systems 17 |
| | 6.5_Use of Focal Points within the country . 18 |
| | CHAPTER 7.TYPES AND SOURCES OF INFORMATION AVAILABLE 18 |
| | 7.1_Epidemiology . 18 |
| | 7.2_Demand reduction 19 |
| | 7.3_Documentation centres. 20 |
| | CHAPTER 8.ARRANGEMENTS FOR REPORTING TO OTHER INTERNATIONAL |
| | ORGANISATIONS 21 |
| | National report produced by the co-operative group for the fight against drug use and trafficking |
| | (Pompidou Group). 23 |
| | Epidemiological sub-groups (Pompidou Group) . 23 |
| | CHAPTER 9.NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN THE REPORTING YEAR (1996) 23 |
| | 9.1_Changes in national monitoring systems. 23 |
| | 9.2_Changes within the Focal Point 23 |
| | 9.3_New data gathering priorities . 23 |
| | PART III EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION. 24 |
| | CHAPTER 10.HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF DRUG USE AND ADDICTION (1960S - 1980S) . |
| | 24 |
| | CHAPTER 11.CURRENT SITUATION OF DRUG USE AND DRUG ADDICTION (PREVALENCE, |
| | DIFFERENT DRUGS, PATTERNS, CHARACTERISTICS, TRENDS) 24 |
| | 11.1_DRUG CONSUMPTION IN THE POPULATION (SURVEYS ETC.) . 24 |
| | A. Drug consumption among adults. 24 |
| | B. Drug consumption among adolescents 26 |
| | 11.2_Problematic drug use (estimates, indirect indicators) 28 |
| | A. Drug users and drug addicts : estimations of prevalence 28 |
| | B. Drug addicts under treatment in health and social institutions. 30 |
| | 11.3_Patterns of use and characteristics of users 31 |
| | A. Age 32 |
| | B. Gender, nationality, professional integration, and health coverage . 33 |
| | C. Ethnographic approach to cannabis consumption in France . 35 |
| | Epidemiological monitoring of patients on methadone . 37 |
| | 11.4_Risk behaviours (e.g. injecting, sharing). 39 |
| | A. Administration intraveineuse 39 |
| | B. The attitudes and pratices of drug users who are confronted wiyh the risk of being contaminated |
| | by aids and hepatitis viruses 40 |
| | 11.5_Risk and protective factors 43 |
| | A. Drug consumption among adolescents 43 |
| | B. Getting over drug addiction 43 |
| | C. Alcohol, tobacco, and various illicit drugs use among young people . 45 |
| | 11.6_Different drug profile . 46 |
| | A. Substances taken. 46 |
| | B. Polydrug consumption and intravenous administration 48 |
| | CHAPTER 12.SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ASPECTS 50 |
| | 12.1_Social processes, cultural context . 50 |
| | 12.2_Attitudes and public opinion . 50 |
| | CHAPTER 13.DRUG-RELATED PROBLEMS AND CONSEQUENCES. 50 |
| | 13.1_Mortality. 50 |
| | 13.2_Morbidity 52 |
| | 13.3_Social problems : professionnal activity and social insurance . 54 |
| | 13.4_Legal problems. 55 |
| | A. Arrests for illicit drug use 55 |
| | B. Convictions and incarcerations for drug use. 57 |
| | CHAPTER 14.AVAILABILITY AND SUPPLY. 59 |
| | 14.1_Sources of supply and trafficking patterns in the country. 59 |
| | A. Drug-related money laundering 59 |
| | B. Arrets, sentencing, and improsonment for supplying and trafficking drugs 61 |
| | 14.2_Illicit drug market indicators : drug seizures (number and quantity) . 63 |
| | CHAPTER 15.DISCUSSION 64 |
| | 15.1-15.2_Main trends and new developments in drug use and consequences . 64 |
| | 15.3-15.4_Methodological limitations and evaluation of data quality 66 |
| | 15.5-15.6_ New information needs, gaps, and priorities for future work. . 67 |
| | PART IV : DEMAND REDUCTION INTERVENTIONS 68 |
| | CHAPTER 16.POLICY DIMENSION . 68 |
| | CHAPTER 17.THEMATIC DIMENSION - OUTLINE OF DEMAND REDUCTION . 69 |
| | 17.1_First childhood intervention. 69 |
| | 17.2_School programmes 69 |
| | 17.3 _Youth programmes outside schools 71 |
| | 17.4_Mass media campaigns . 72 |
| | 17.5_Telephone help lines. 72 |
| | 17.6_Community programmes . 72 |
| | 17.7_Groups experimenting with drugs . 73 |
| | 17.8_Outreach work 73 |
| | 17.9_Low threshold services 73 |
| | 17.10_Prevention of HIV infection among drug users. 74 |
| | 17.11_Substitution programmes/Maintenance programmes 74 |
| | 17.12_Detoxification. 75 |
| | 17.13_Outpatient treatment . 75 |
| | 17.14_Inpatient treatment . 76 |
| | 17.15_Self help groups 76 |
| | 17.16_General health care 77 |
| | 17.17_Harm reduction 78 |
| | 17.18_After-care . 79 |
| | 17.19_Gender-specific issues 79 |
| | 17.20_Parenthood and drug use - children of drug users . 79 |
| | 17.21_Parents of drug users 79 |
| | 17.22_Drug use in prisons 79 |
| | 17.23_Drug use at the workplace 80 |
| | 17.24_Other activities : documentation . 81 |
| | CHAPTER 18.EVALUATION, RESEARCH AND TRAINING 81 |
| | 18.1_Evaluation 81 |
| | 18.2_Research. 83 |
| | 18.3_Training 85 |
| | CHAPTER 19.DEVELOPMENTS AND INFORMATION NEEDS 87 |
| | CONCLUSIONS. 88 |
| | ANNEXES. 89 |
| | MOBILIZED NETWORK . 90 |
| | CONTRIBUTIONS TO THIS REPORT . 91 |
| | Director of Publication . 91 |
| | Supervision and Writing 91 |
| | Thanks for their participation 91 |
| | GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 92 |
| | ACRONYMS . 93 |