Collection and preparation of bottom sediment samples for

3,03

MB

analysis of radionuclides and trace elements

130

stron

4671

ID

International Atomic Energy Agency

2003

rok

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION 1

1.1. Scientific and technical background. 1

1.2. Scope of the report 1

2. GENERAL SAMPLING STRATEGY 2

2.1. Selecting sampling sites 2

2.2. Navigation 2

2.3. Sampling approaches 3

2.3.1. Sampling size 4

2.3.2. Representativeness of the sample. 5

2.4. Quality assurance and quality control during sampling 5

3. COLLECTION OF SEDIMENT SAMPLES. 5

3.1. Sediment environment: Variability with respect to different water bodies 7

3.2. Grab sediment samples. 9

3.2.1. Objective of collection . 9

3.2.2. Types of sampling devices 9

3.2.3. Advantages and disadvantages of different systems. 11

3.3. Sediment cores 11

3.3.1. Objective of collection . 11

3.3.2. Types of coring devices 11

3.3.3. Extruding and slicing 17

4. TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE. 17

4.1. Containers for sediment samples 17

4.2. Cleaning procedures for containers 18

4.3. Precautions during sample transport. 19

5. CRITICAL PARAMETERS FOR DATA INTERPRETATION. 20

5.1. Particle size analysis . 20

5.2. Organic component role . 20

5.3. Water content of sediment 20

5.4. Salt correction for drying marine sediments. 20

6. PRE-TREATMENT AND STORAGE 21

6.1. Drying of samples. 21

6.2. Fractionation of samples. 23

6.3. Homogenization and subsampling 23

6.4. Preservation of samples 24

7. PREPARATION OF SAMPLES FOR ANALYSIS 25

7.1. Non-destructive sample preparation . 26

7.2. Destructive sample preparation 27

7.3. Quality assurance/quality control for sample preparation 28

8. ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR SEDIMENT ANALYSIS 28

9. CONCLUSIONS 31

REFERENCES 33

ANNEX I: A SAMPLE OF QA/QC STANDARD SIMILAR TO DIN 38 414 S11 USED IN SAMPLING

RECORD – FINE-GRAINED AQUATIC SEDIMENTES. 37

ANNEX II: SHORT REMINDER FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF SAMPLING 39

PAPERS

Collection and preparation procedure for environmental evaluation of pollution sediments 41

M. Kralik

Coastal marine sediment sampling for radionuclide analysis 55

H. Dahlgaard, M. Eriksson, E. Ilus

Collection and preparation of lake sediments for dating and trace element analysis by nuclear

techniques . 63

T.M. Krishnamoorthy

Optimizing the quality of sediment samples collected for geochemical measurements in coastal

marine environments . 83

M.H. Bothner

Sample preparation for radionuclide analysis and nuclear analytical techniques in sediments and

soils in the IAEA laboratories 95

P. de Regge, P. Povinec

Preliminary characterization of two sediment reference materials at the IAEA Seibersdorf

laboratories using instrumental neutron activation analysis 123

K.I. Burns, M. Makarewicz, Z. Radecki

CONTRIBUTORS TO DRAFTING AND REVIEW 129