Marine Radioecology

0,97

MB

84

stron

4685

ID

Nordic Nuclear Safety Research (NKS)

2000

rok

Table of contents

Disclaimer iv

Abstract iv

Key words. iv

EKO-1 Summary.v

Increased Nordic competence and co-operation in marine radioecology vi

Model studies .vi

Laboratory studies vii

Field studies . vii

Environments with special physical or chemical characteristics (process studies) . vii

Environments typical for various Nordic regions (regional characteristics) viii

Quality assurance viii

The EKO-1 seminars. ix

Use of internet technology for the dissemination of information. ix

Contacts with the Baltic States .x

Recommendations.x

EKO-1 Sammenfatning . xii

Øget nordisk kompetence og samarbejde inden for marin radioøkologi xiii

Modelundersøgelser xiii

Laboratorieundersøgelser.xiv

Feltstudier xiv

Miljøer med særlige fysiske og kemiske forhold (processtudier)xiv

Miljøer typiske for norden (regionale forhold).xv

Kvalitetssikring .xv

EKO-1 seminarer .xvi

Brug af internet teknologi til informationsformålxvi

Kontakt til de Baltiske staterxvi

Anbefalinger. xvii

Introduction .1

Objective of the EKO-1 project 1

Project outline .1

Organisation of work.2

Division into sub-projects organised on a national basis3

Structure of report .3

Background4

Maps4

Radionuclide Source Terms to the Nordic Seas5

The Baltic Sea .5

Temperate and Arctic waters of the Nordic Seas .5

Collective doses to man from radioactive pollution in the sea .8

Processes of relevance for predicting radiological consequences 9

Methods used in estimation of the sedimentation rates 10

Pb-210 based methods.10

Cs-137 based method 12

Pu-239,240 based method .13

Results and discussion.15

Laboratory Studies 15

Introduction.15

Sediment Characteristics.15

Tracer Studies .15

Results and Conclusions: Relevance for risk assessment .16

Field studies.21

Anoxic conditions, areas of study: Framvaren, Gullmaren and Byfjorden (SE-1) 21

Anoxic conditions, area of study: Hästholmsfjärden Bay (FI-2) 22

Mixing zone between freshwater and seawater (SE-2).23

The Baltic Sea (FI-1).24

Continental shelf along the European-Siberian Tundra Coast (SE-3) 25

Russian Arctic Seas (FI-3) 25

Various sites from the North Sea to the Arctic (NO-1) 26

Icelandic waters (IS-1) 26

The Thule area, Greenland (DK-1).27

Summary of results28

Model work .28

Model description .28

Calculated Doses.33

Model testing 39

Sensitivity analysis41

Parameter uncertainty analysis .43

Quality assurance 46

The EKO-1 study on quality assurance in sediment sampling .46

The EKO-1 laboratory intercomparison exercise .48

The EKO-1 seminars .50

The Kristineberg Seminar on Sedimentation Processes .51

The Helsinki seminar on dating of sediments and determination of sedimentation rates51

Use of internet technology for the dissemination of information .52

Contacts with the Baltic States53

Concluding remarks54

Acknowledgements56

Appendix 1: List of project participants

Appendix 2: Publications

Appendix 3: Abbreviations

Appendix 4: International project work with links to EKO