Safety considerations in the disposal of disused sealed

0,71

MB

radioactive sources in borehole facilities

69

stron

4694

ID

International Atomic Energy Agency

2003

rok

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION. 1

1.1. Background 1

1.2. Objectives. 2

2. BOREHOLE DISPOSAL AS A RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT OPTION 3

2.1. Borehole disposal concept 3

2.2. Technical factors 4

2.3. Other factors. 5

3. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS 6

3.1. General requirements . 6

3.2. Safety during the operations. 8

3.2.1. Objectives. 8

3.2.2. Criteria 9

3.3. Safety in the long term . 9

3.3.1. Objectives. 10

3.3.2. Criteria 10

3.4. Environmental and non-radiological concerns. 12

4. SAFETY STRATEGY 12

4.1. Legal and organizational framework 13

4.1.2. Government responsibilities. 13

4.1.3. Regulator responsibilities. 14

4.2. Regulatory framework 14

4.2.1. Regulatory process . 14

4.2.2. Authorization 15

4.2.3. Review and assessment 15

4.2.4. Inspection . 16

4.2.5. Regulation of past practices . 16

4.3. Safety approach 18

4.3.1. Phased disposal facility development. 18

4.3.2. Passive safety . 18

4.3.3. Confidence in safety. 18

4.4. Safety functions 19

4.4.1. Containment . 19

4.4.2. Isolation 19

4.4.3. Multiple safety functions 20

5. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SAFETY STRATEGY. 20

5.1. Framework for borehole disposal. 20

5.2. Safety assessment and the safety case 21

5.2.1. Demonstrating compliance with safety requirements 21

5.2.2. Safety assessment methodology. 23

5.2.3. Generic safety assessment approach. 25

5.2.4. Safety assessment outcome 30

5.3. Disposal system implementation 30

5.3.1. Waste acceptance criteria . 30

5.3.2. Site selection 31

5.3.3. Site characterization . 33

5.3.4. Disposal facility design and construction. 33

5.3.5. Depth of disposal 36

5.3.6. Disposal facility operation 37

5.3.7. Disposal facility closure . 39

5.3.8. Institutional controls. 39

5.3.9. Monitoring and surveillance. 40

5.3.10. Quality assurance 41

6. CONCLUSIONS 42

REFERENCES 43

ANNEX A: MANAGEMENT OF DISUSED SEALED SOURCES. 45

ANNEX B: GENERAL OVERVIEW OF BOREHOLE FACILITIES IN MEMBER STATES 49

ANNEX C: ACTION LIST FOR DEVELOPMENT OF A BOREHOLE FACILITY 59

CONTRIBUTORS TO DRAFTING AND REVIEW 65