Innovative small and medium sized reactors: Design features,

5,05
MB safety approaches and R&D trends

221
stron

4696
ID International Atomic Energy Agency

2005
rok

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION 1

2. THE SCOPE OF INNOVATIVE SMR DESIGNS . 2

3. CROSS-CUTS OF SMR DESIGNS 3

3.1. Timeline of readiness for deployment. 3

3.2. Design and regulatory status of SMRs 4

3.3. Evolution of designs since the last IAEA status report on SMRs. 4

3.4. Cross-cut of SMR applications . 7

3.5. Cross-cut of SMR special features 8

4. MAJOR FINDINGS. 10

4.1. Diversity of approach, missions, and time frames 10

4.2. Innovative approaches to safety 19

4.3. Infrequent refuelling option 20

4.4. Arrangements of the overall nuclear architecture . 21

4.5. Fuel cycle options 21

4.6. Application potential . 21

5. IDENTIFICATION OF COMMON TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ISSUES FOR SMRs. 22

6. IDENTIFICATION OF COMMON INFRASTRUCTURE ISSUES 26

7. REVIEW OF PASSIVE SAFETY DESIGN OPTIONS FOR SMRs 28

8. DEFINITION OF SMALL REACTORS WITHOUT ON-SITE REFUELLING. 30

9. CONCLUSIONS 31

REFERENCES 35

ANNEXES 1–13

Annex 1: Main research and development activities for SMRs in Argentina 39

D. Delmastro, D. Brasnarof

Annex 2: Design and safety of IRIS, an integral water cooled SMR for near term deployment. 51

M.D. Carelli, L.E. Conway, C.L. Kling, L. Oriani, B. Petrović, C.V. Lombardi, M.E. Ricotti, A.C.O.

Barroso, J.M. Collado, L.Cinotti, N.E. Todreas, D. Grgić, R.D. Boroughs, H. Ninokata, F. Oriolo

Annex 3: SCOR: Simple compact reactor — An innovative medium sized PWR 75

G.-M. Gautier, C. De Masi

Annex 4: Nuclear desalination technology development using SMART 89

Jong-Keun Hwang, Doo-Jeong Lee, Si-Hwan Kim

Annex 5: Preliminary fuel cost evaluation for CAREM operation without on-site refuelling 97

D. Delmastro, P. Florido, J. Bergallo

Annex 6: Russian concepts of nuclear power plants with small reactors without on-site refuelling 103



V.I. Vasyukov, K.B. Veshnyakov, E.V. Goryunov, Yu.K. Panov, V.I. Polunichev

Annex 7: Overview of RRC KI proposals for nuclear energy systems with small and medium sized

reactors . 125

E. Ivanov

Annex 8: Small PWRs with coated particle fuel for district heating . 135

Y. Shimazu, M. Nagai

Annex 9: Passive safety features of Indian innovative nuclear reactors 143

N.K. Maheshwari, P.K. Vijayan, D. Saha, R.K. Sinha

Annex 10: Small modular lead-bismuth cooled fast reactor for multi-purpose use: SVBR-75/100 159



G.I. Toshinsky, A.V. Zrodnikov, V.I. Chitaykin, O.G. Grigoriev, U.G. Dragunov, V.S. Stepanov,

N.N. Klimov, I.I. Kopytov, V.N. Krushelnitsky, A.A. Grudakov

Annex 11: The STAR concept: A hierarchical hub-spoke nuclear architecture based on long refuelling

interval battery reactors and regional fuel cycle centers . 171

D.C. Wade

Annex 12: Fixed bed nuclear reactor concept 193

F. Sefidvash

Annex 13: Application of “CANDLE” burnup to LBE cooled fast reactor. 203

H. Sekimoto

CONTRIBUTORS TO DRAFTING AND REVIEW. 213