Radioactivity in the Arctic Seas

7,86

MB

75

stron

4733

ID

International Atomic Energy Agency

2002

rok

CONTENTS

SUMMARY. 1

1. INTRODUCTION.3

2. DESCRIPTION OF THE REGION 4

2.1. Oceanography.^

2.1.1. Arctic Ocean.4

2.1.2. Barents Sea.8

2.1.3. Kara Sea9

2.1.4. Kara Sea dumpsites 19

2.2. Ecology 23

2.2.1. Biological production in the Arctic 23

2.2.2. Marine food-webs in the Arctic25

2.2.3. Fish and fisheries in the Barents and Kara Seas .28

3. RADIOACTIVITY IN THE KARA SEA.29

3.1. Marine Radioactivity database.29

3.2. Pre-1992 radionuclide concentrations30

3.2.1. Water30

3.2.2. Sediment.33

3.3. Present radionuclide concentrations in the Kara Sea.33

3.3.1. Dumpsites.33

3.3.2. The open Kara Sea45

3.3.3. Ob and Yenisey estuaries46

3.3.4. Biota46

3.3.5. Intercomparison exercises 51

3.3.6. Conclusions on radionuclide inventories in the Kara Sea 51

4. DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENTS AND CONCENTRATION FACTORS .52

4.1. Distribution coefficients 52

4.1.1. Results of laboratory experiments53

4.1.2. Results of field experiments .56

4.1.3. Conclusions on distribution coefficients 57

4.2. Concentration factors.57

4.2.1. 137Cs and 60Co transfer factors for Arctic clams.58

4.2.2. Concentration factors for Arctic benthic organisms.58

4.2.3. Concentration factors for a Kara Sea bivalve.61

4.2.4. Conclusions on concentration factors.62

5. CONCLUSIONS.64

REFERENCES .65

CONTRIBUTORS TO DRAFTING AND REVIEW 71