| | Report of Ocean Climate Time-Series Workshop |
| | 2,84 | | MB |
| | 170 | | stron |
| | 4792 | | ID | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization |
| | 1999 | | rok |
| | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| | SUMMARY REPORT |
| | PREFACE |
| | 1. INTRODUCTION |
| | 1.1 A TIME-SERIES DEFINITION |
| | 2. RE VI E W AND ADOPTION OF THE AGENDA |
| | 3. WORKSHOP PERSPECTIVES |
| | 3.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE WORKSHOP |
| | 3.2 OCEAN CLIMATE OBSERVATIONS AND UPPER OCEAN SAMPLING ISSUES |
| | 3.3 DEEP OCEAN: RELATION TO GRIDDED PRODUCTS |
| | 3.4 JGOFS PHILOSOPHY ON TIME-SERIES MEASUREMENTS |
| | 3.5 CLIVAR AND OOPC VIEWS AND EXPECTATIONS |
| | 3.6 REPORTS OF RECENT EVENTS AND MEETINGS |
| | 4. SCIENCE OF SINGLE POINT TIME SERIES 8 |
| | 4.1 THE BERMUDA ATLANTIC TIME-SERIES STATION (BATS) 8 |
| | 4.2 THE HAWAII OCEAN TIME-SERIES (HOT) STATION 9 |
| | 4.3 ESTOC (Estacih de Series Temporales Oceknicas de Canarias) 1 0 |
| | 4.4 KERFIX 1 0 |
| | 4.5 WEATHER STATION PAPA (P) 11 |
| | 4.6 BRAZIL DEEP BASIN EXPERIMENT 11 |
| | 4.7. SINGLE POINT STATION FINDINGS 1 2 |
| | 5. APPLICATION AND REPEAT SECTIONS |
| | 5.1 METEOROLOGICAL TIME-SERIES MEASUREMENTS |
| | 5.2 TROPICAL PACIFIC TAO ARRAY |
| | 5.3 INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY IN THE LABRADOR SEA |
| | 5.4 NORWEGIAN STATION MIKE (M) |
| | 5.5 NORTH ATLANTIC REPEAT SECTIONS |
| | 5.6 NORTH PACIFIC REPEAT SECTIONS |
| | 5.7 THE XBT/XCTD NETWORK AND THE TASMAN BOX |
| | 5.8 SESSION FINDINGS |
| | 6.1 ASSIMILATION OF TIME-SERIES OBSERVATIONS IN NUMERICAL MODELS |
| | 6.2 CLIVAR NORTH PACIFIC CLIMATE STUDY |
| | 6.3 CLIVAR UPPER OCEAN PANEL/ SURFACE FLUXES |
| | 6.4 OCEAN PCO, AND CARBON MONITORING |
| | 6.5 JGOFS FOLLOW-ON |
| | 6.6 LONG TERM MEASUREMENTS IN THE SOUTHERN OCEAN RECOMMENDED ATTRIBUTES |
| | FOR TIME-SERIES STATIONS |
| | 7.1 CATEGORIES OF STATIONS |
| | 7.2 ATTRIBUTES |
| | 7.3. OCEAN STATION BRAVO ASSESSMENT |
| | 7.4. OCEAN STATION KERFIX ASSESSMENT ROLE OF TIME SERIES AND REPEAT SECTIONS |
| | IN DESCRIBING CHANGES IN OCEANIC STORAGE OF HEAT, FRESH WATER AND CARBON |
| | VARIABILITY IN LABRADOR SEA WATER (LSW) AT BRAVO |
| | MERIDIONAL TRANSPORTS OF HEAT AND |
| | FRESH WATER IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC |
| | SHALLOW OVERTURNING CIRCULATION OF |
| | THE NORTH PACIFIC |
| | DEEP AND BOTTOM WATER TRANSPORT CHANGES |
| | AS INDICATORS IN SOURCE REGIONS |
| | INDOPACIFIC THROUGHFLOW |
| | BERING STRAIT INFLOW |
| | INDIAN OCEAN EXPORT OF LOW-SALINE WATERS |
| | TO THE SOUTH ATLANTIC |
| | OTHER POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS |
| | 9 . THE ROLE OF OCEAN TIME SERIES FOR CLIMATE MODELLING |
| | 9.1 CLIMATE MODELLING ACTIVITIES AND OCEAN OBSERVATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS |
| | 9.1.1 Testing and Improving Climate Models with Ocean Data |
| | 9.1.2 Forcing Ocean Climate Models |
| | 9.1.3 Use of Models to Combine and Interpret Ocean Observations 29 |
| | 9.1.4 Basic Ocean Observing System Design Considerations 29 |
| | 9.1.5 Climate Analysis/Assessment 30 |
| | 9.1.6 Climate Prediction 30 |
| | 9.2.1 Research Versus Applications Objectives 31 |
| | 9.2.2 Optimizing System Design 31 |
| | OCEAN CLIMATE MODELLING REQUIREMENTS 31 |
| | 9.3.1 Testing and Improving Climate Models with Ocean Data 31 |
| | 9.3.2 Forcing Ocean Climate Models 32 |
| | 9.3.3 Use of Models to Combine and Interpret Ocean Observations 33 |
| | 9.3.4 Ocean Observing System Design 34 |
| | 9.3.5 Climate Analysis/Assessment 34 |
| | 9.3.6 Climate Prediction 34 |
| | CONCLUSIONS REGARDING TIME-SERIES OBSERVATIONS FOR MODELLING 34 |
| | RECOMMENDATIONS REGARDING TIME-SERIES FOR MODELLING 34 |
| | 10. PERSPECTIVES ON HISTORICAL AND FUTURE TIME-SERIES 3 5 |
| | 10.1 RECOMMENDATIONS 36 |
| | 11. GENERAL FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS 37 |
| | ANNEXES |
| | Agenda |
| | List of Participants |
| | Organizing Committee for the Workshop |
| | Some Sampling Issues for OOPC |
| | Contribution of Existing Time Series to Analysis of Large Scale Ocean Variability |
| | Biogeochemical Studies at the Hawaii Ocean Time- Series (HOT) Station Aloha |
| | ESTOC Station |
| | KERFIX |
| | Line P and Station P Time Series |
| | Meteorological Time-Series Measurements |
| | TAO Array: History, Present, Prospects |
| | Causes and Consequences of Interannual Variability in the Labrador Sea |
| | Ocean Weather Ship Station M |
| | Deacadal Changes in the Meridional Overturning Circulation of the North Atlantic: |
| | A First Glimpse at 40 Years of Trans-oceanic Sections Since the IGY |
| | Japanese North Pacific Repeat Sections |
| | Repeat XBTXCTD Sections in the Pacific |
| | Assimilation of Time-Series Observations in Models |
| | XVIII. Overview of CLIVAR Upper Ocean Long-Term Observations |
| | XIX. Some Remarks Regarding Long-Term In Situ Measurements in the Southern Ocean |
| | xx. Long-Term Hydrographic Variations Observed in the Hawaii Ocean Time Series |
| | XXI. Notes from John Toole on Oceanographic Time-Series Stations within CLIVAR |
| | XXII. Proposal for a North Pacific Basin-Wide Extended Climate Study |
| | XII. Causes and Consequences of Interannual Variability in the Labrador Sea |
| | XIII. Ocean Weather Ship Station M |
| | XIV. Deacadal Changes in the Meridional Overturning Circulation of the North Atlantic: A First |
| | Glimpse at 40 Years of Trans-oceanic Sections Since the IGY |
| | xv. Japanese North Pacific Repeat Sections |
| | XVI. Repeat XBT/XCTD Sections in the Pacific |
| | XVII. Assimilation of Time-Series Observations in Models |
| | XVIII. Overview of CLIVAR Upper Ocean Long-Term Observations |
| | XIX. Some Remarks Regarding Long-Term In Situ Measurements in the Southern Ocean |
| | xx. Long-Term Hydrographic Variations Observed in the Hawaii Ocean Time Series |
| | XXI. Notes from John Toole on Oceanographic Time-Series Stations within CLIVAR |
| | XXII. Proposal for a North Pacific Basin-Wide Extended Climate Study |