EPA Office of Compliance Sector Notebook Project Profile of the

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Fabricated Metal Products Industry

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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

1998

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXHIBIT INDEX VII

LIST OF ACRONYMS IX

I. INTRODUCTION OF THE SECTOR NOTEBOOK PROJECT 1

I.A. Summary of the Sector Notebook Project.1

I.B. Additional Information2

II. INTRODUCTION TO THE FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS INDUSTRY.4

II.A. Introduction, Background, and Scope of the Notebook .4

II.B. Characterization of the Fabricated Metal Products Industry .4

II.B.1. Industry Size and Geographic Distribution4

II.B.2. Product Characterization9

II.B.3. Economic Trends.9

III. INDUSTRIAL PROCESS DESCRIPTION.12

III.A. Industrial Processes in the Fabricated Metal Products Industry .12

III.A.1. Fabricated Metal Products13

III.A.2. Surface Preparation.15

III.A.3. Metal Finishing16

III.B. Raw Material Inputs and Pollution Outputs in the Production Line 21

III.B.1. Metal Fabrication 24

III.B.2. Surface Preparation.25

III.B.3. Metal Finishing25

III.C. Management of Chemicals in Wastestream.29

IV. CHEMICAL RELEASE AND TRANSFER PROFILE 31

IV.A. EPA Toxic Release Inventory for the Fabricated Metal Products Industry. 34

IV.B. Summary of the Selected Chemicals Released 46

IV.C. Other Data Sources. 53

IV.D. Comparison of Toxic Release Inventory Between Selected Industries 55

V. POLLUTION PREVENTION OPPORTUNITIES 58

V.A. Identification of Pollution Prevention Activities in Use and Environmental and Economic

Benefits of Each Pollution Prevention Activity 58

V.B. Possible Pollution Prevention Future Trends 61

V.C. Pollution Prevention Case Studies 62

V.D. Pollution Prevention Options 65

V.D.1. Metal Shaping Operations 65

V.D.2. Surface Preparation Operations. 67

V.D.3. Plating Operations 71

V.D.4. Other Finishing Operations . 75

V.E. Pollution Prevention Contacts. 78

VI. SUMMARY OF APPLICABLE FEDERAL STATUTES AND REGULATIONS 80

VI.A. General Description of Major Statutes . 80

VI.B. Industry Specific Regulations . 92

VI.C. Pending and Proposed Regulatory Requirements 97

VII. COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT PROFILE 100

VII.A. Fabricated Metal Products Industry Compliance History 104

VII.B. Comparison of Enforcement Activity Between Selected Industries 104

VII.C. Review of Major Legal Actions . 111

VII.C.1 Review of Major Cases 111

VII.C.2 Supplemental Environmental Projects 112

VIII. COMPLIANCE ACTIVITIES AND INITIATIVES. 116

VIII.A. Sector-Related Environmental Programs and Activities 116

VIII.B. EPA Voluntary Programs 122

VIII.C. Trade Association/Industry Sponsored Activity 132

VIII.C.1. Environmental Programs . 132

VIII.C.2. Summary of Trade Associations 134

IX. CONTACTS/ACKNOWLEDGMENTS/RESOURCE MATERIALS/BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER

REFERENCES 138