| | The National Recovery Strategy for the North Pacific Right Whale |
| | 0,87 | | MB | in Pacific Canadian Waters |
| | 49 | | stron |
| | 4841 | | ID | Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada |
| | 2004 | | rok |
| | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| | Executive Summary2 |
| | List of Tables.6 |
| | Table of Figures6 |
| | 1. INTRODUCTION7 |
| | 2. BACKGROUND.8 |
| | 2.1 Current Status.8 |
| | 2.2 Distribution.9 |
| | 2.2.1 Global range9 |
| | 2.2.2 Canadian range.10 |
| | 2.3 Nationally significant populations14 |
| | 2.4 Population Sizes and Trends.15 |
| | 3. FACTORS AFFECTING VULNERABILITY AND CONTRIBUTING TO THREATENED STATUS16 |
| | 3.1 General Habitat Requirements16 |
| | 3.1.1.16 |
| | Critical Habitat.16 |
| | 3.2 Ecological Role.17 |
| | 3.3 Biologically Limiting Factors.17 |
| | 3.3.1 K-selected Species18 |
| | 3.3.2 Critically Low Numbers18 |
| | 3.3.3 Food Supply18 |
| | 3.4 Historic Threats18 |
| | 3.4.1 Subsistence/Native Harvest18 |
| | 3.4.2 Commercial whaling19 |
| | 3.5 Current Threats.20 |
| | 3.5.1 Population Numbers and Genetic Diversity (inbreeding depression) 20 |
| | 3.5.2 Marine Traffic and Ship Strikes.21 |
| | 3.5.3 Entanglement in Fishing Gear.21 |
| | 3.5.4 Habitat Degradation.21 |
| | 3.5.5 Noise.22 |
| | 3.5.6 Climate Change and Food Supply.22 |
| | 3.5.7 Pollution.23 |
| | 3.5.8 Depensation (Allee effect).23 |
| | 3.6 Socio-economic Considerations.24 |
| | 3.7 Knowledge Gaps24 |
| | 3.7.1 Population structure, genetics.24 |
| | 3.7.2 Life history parameters, population dynamics.25 |
| | 3.7.3 Current presence, abundance, distribution, and habitat use in BC waters 25 |
| | 3.7.4 Clarification of threats, human influences25 |
| | 3.7.5 Critical Habitat.26 |
| | 4. RECOVERY.26 - 4 - |
| | 4.1 Recovery Goal26 |
| | 4.2 Recovery Objectives26 |
| | 4.3 Recovery Strategies.27 |
| | Scientific Research27 |
| | Threats Research.28 |
| | Mitigation and Protection28 |
| | Monitoring and Evaluation29 |
| | Coordination29 |
| | Education and Awareness29 |
| | 4.4 Considerations for Recovery:.29 |
| | 4.4.1 Recovery Feasibility29 |
| | 4.4.2 Anticipated Conflicts or Challenges.30 |
| | 4.4.3 Recommended Approach / Scale for Recovery.30 |
| | 5. ACTIONS ALREADY COMPLETED OR UNDERWAY.31 |
| | 5.1 Research in Canada.31 |
| | 5.1.1 Pacific Canada31 |
| | 5.1.2 Atlantic Canada.31 |
| | 5.2 Legal Protection.32 |
| | 5.3 Listing Status33 |
| | 5.3.1 Status in Canada.33 |
| | 5.3.2 Status in the US33 |
| | 5.3.3 International Status33 |
| | 5.4 Recovery Strategies.34 |
| | 5.5 North Pacific Right Whale Recovery Team34 |
| | 6. ACTION PLANS34 |
| | 7. POTENTIAL MANAGEMENT IMPACTS FOR OTHER SPECIES OR ECOLOGICAL |
| | PROCESSES.34 |
| | 8. EVALUATION34 |
| | 9. REFERENCES CITED.36 |
| | 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.46 |
| | 10.1 Recovery Team Members46 |
| | 10.2 External Peer Reviewers47 |
| | 11. RECORD OF COOPERATION & CONSULTATION.47 |
| | APPENDIX 1 : SCHEDULE OF STUDIES.48 |