ECOSYSTEM MODELS OF NORTHERN BRITISH COLUMBIA FOR THE

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TIME PERIODS 2000, 1950, 1900 AND 1750

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University of British Columbia

2002

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CONTENTS

Director’s Foreword. 3

Abstract4

Introduction.4

Model Groups.4

1) Sea Otters 4

2) Mysticetae . 5

3) Odontocetae 5

4) Seals and sea lions 5

5) Seabirds 6

6) Transient (migratory) salmon.6

7-8) Coho and chinook salmon . 7

9-10) Juvenile and adult squid8

11) Ratfish. 9

12) Dogfish . 9

13-14) Juvenile and adult pollock . 10

15-16) Forage fish and eulachon 10

17-18) Juvenile and adult herring 11

19-20) Pacific ocean perch: juvenile and adult 11

21) Inshore rockfish. 12

22-23) Piscivorous rockfish: juvenile and adult . 12

24-25) Planktivorous rockfish: juvenile and adult 13

26-27) Juvenile and adult turbot (arrowtooth flounder) 14

28-29) Juvenile and adult flatfish. 14

30-31) Juvenile and adult halibut 15

32-33) Juvenile and adult Pacific cod15

34-35) Juvenile and adult sablefish 16

36-37) Juvenile and adult lingcod. 16

38) Shallow-water benthic fish 17

39) Skates 17

40-41) Large and small crabs 18

42) Commercial shrimp 18

43-45) Epifaunal, infaunal carnivorous and detritivorous invertebrates. 18

46) Carnivorous jellyfish. 19

47-48) Euphausiids and copepods 19

49) Corals and sponges .20

50) Macrophytes . 20

51) Phytoplankton 20

52) Discards 20

53) Detritus 20

Balancing the Models .20

Acknowledgements. 21

References 23

Appendices.24

Appendix A. Bycatch and discards . 24

Appendix B. Parameter estimation25

Appendix C. Parameters Used in models . 28

Appendix D. Diet matrices 29

Appendix E. Non-market prices . 36

Appendix F. Landings37

Appendix G. Group definitions. 40