National Recovery Strategy for Northern and Southern Resident

1,15

MB

Killer Whales (Orcinus orca)

77

stron

4906

ID

Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada

2005

rok

Table of Contents

COSEWIC ASSESSMENT SUMMARY ii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY iii

LIST OF TABLES vi

LIST OF FIGURES vi

BACKGROUND 1

1. CURRENT STATUS.1

1.1. Species Description.1

1.2. Distribution.2

2. POPULATION SIZE AND TRENDS.6

2.1. Global.6

2.2. British Columbia.6

3. FACTORS AFFECTING POPULATION VIABILITY AND RECOVERY.9

3.1. Habitat Requirements9

3.2. Biological Limiting Factors10

4. THREATS.15

4.1. Historic Threats.15

4.2. Current Threats17

5. CRITICAL HABITAT.33

5.1. Proposed Critical Habitat33

5.2. Threats to Critical Habitat.35

5.3. Schedule of Studies Related to Critical Habitat37

5.4. Mechanisms for the Protection of Critical Habitat37

6. KNOWLEDGE GAPS.40

RECOVERY 42

7. RECOVERY FEASIBILTY42

8. RECOVERY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES42

8.1. Recovery Goal.42

8.2. Objectives and Broad Strategies to Achieve Recovery.43

8.3. Effects on Non-Target Species47

8.4. Evaluation and the Status of Strategies for Recovery.47

8.5. Recommended Approach for Recovery50

9. TARGET DATE FOR COMPLETION OF ACTION PLANS.50

10. REFERENCES CITED51

APPENDIX I - GLOSSARY 67

APPENDIX II – MEMBERSHIP LIST: 69