REVIEW AND SYNTHESIS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF

0,38

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AQUACULTURE

80

stron

4924

ID

Scottish Association for Marine Science

2002

rok

CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1

CHAPTER TWO THE DISCHARGE OF WASTE NUTRIENTS AND THEIR INTERACTION IN THE

WIDER MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2

SOLID WASTES FROM CAGE FARMS AND EFFECTS ON SEDIMENTS 2

DISSOLVED NUTRIENT INPUTS AND EFFECTS ON PHYTOPLANKTON 4

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF SHELLFISH CULTURE 14

CHAPTER THREE EFFECTS OF DISCHARGES OF MEDICINES AND CHEMICALS FROM

AQUACULTURE 18

SEA LICE MEDICINES 18

ANTIMICROBIAL COMPOUNDS 21

METALS 21

CHAPTER FOUR DISEASE IMPACTS ON WILD AND FARMED STOCKS 24

CHAPTER FIVE ESCAPES FROM FISH FARMS AND POTENTIAL EFFECTS ON WILD

POPULATIONS 28

CHAPTER SIX SUSTAINABILITY OF FEED SUPPLIES – INCLUDING RESEARCH ON PLANT

MEAL SUBSTITUTION 32

CHAPTER SEVEN ENVIRONMENTAL LIMITATIONS ON THE SCALE OF THE SCOTTISH MARINE

FISH FARMING INDUSTRY 39

THE DISCHARGE OF WASTE NUTRIENTS 39

MEDICINES AND CHEMICALS 40

DISEASE IMPACTS 40

ESCAPES 40

SUSTAINABILITY OF FEED SUPPLIES 41

SUMMARY 41

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 41

ANNEX RESEARCH UNDERWAY ON ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF AQUACULTURE 42