Marine Aquaculture and the Environment

1,96

MB

342

stron

4926

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University of Massachusetts Boston

2004

rok

CONTENTS

About the editors ii

Contents v

List of Illustrations viii

List of Tables x

Preface xii

Acknowledgements xiv

Foreword xvi

Chapter 1. Introduction 1

Reaching for Solutions: The Water Farming Initiative, Mr. K. Dun Gifford 2

The JSA Aquaculture Effluents Task Force Approach - Lessons Learned,

Dr. Gary Jensen 9

Chapter 2. Impact on habitats: determining what is acceptable. 14

Impact on Habitats: Determining what is Acceptable, Dr. William Silvert 16

The Impacts of Salmon Aquaculture: The Difficulties of Establishing Acceptability Limits and

Standards, Mr. Chris Heinig 41

Contributed Papers

Aquaculture from a different angle: the seaweed perspective, and the rationale for promoting

integrated aquaculture, Dr. Thierry Chopin, Charles Yarish, Christopher Neefus, George Kraemer,

Jose Zertuche-Gonzalez, Ellen Belyea,, and Raquel Carmon. 69

A perspective on the use of flow models for site selection and prediction of environmental impacts

of salmon pens and mussel rafts, Dr. Carter Newell 73

Environmental Impacts of Shellfish Aquaculture: Filter Feeding to Control Eutrophication, Mr. Mike

Rice 77

Marine Aquaculture and the Precautionary Principle as it Affects Habitat, Dr. Boyce Thorne-Miller 87

Breakout group: Impact(s) on habitats: determining what is acceptable Dr. Jack Pearce 96

Chapter 3. Interactions of cultured and wild species 101

Interactions of cultured and wild species, Dr.Kjetil Hindar 102

Contributed Papers

Marine Agronomy - The introduction of exotic or modified cultivars, is the risk

worth the reward? Drs. Ike Levine, Kathy Watson, and Donald Cheney 132

Interactions of escaped farmed salmon and wild salmon, in the Bay of Fundy

region, Drs. Fred Whorisky and J. W. Carr 141

• Interactions Between Farmed and Wild Atlantic Salmon in Maine Rivers,

• Dr. Ed Baum 150

Breakout group: Interactions of cultured and wild species

Dr. David A. Bengtson 160

•

• Chapter 4. The Effects of aquaculture on wildlife

165

Impacts of Salmon Aquaculture on the Coastal Environment: A Review,

Dr. Inka Milewski 166

Southeastern Aquaculture/Fish-Eating Bird, Dr. Thurman Booth 198

Contributed Papers

Eelgrass is Great, but Shellfish Aquaculture is Better. Dr. Bob Rheault

203

• The Impact of Aquaculture on Marine Mammals, Dr. Greg Early 211

Potential Adverse Effects of Aquaculture on Marine Mammals,

Dr. Sharon Young 215

Breakout group: Impacts on other wildlife

Dr. Michael Tlusty 221

vii

Chapter 5. Economic and Environmental Considerations for Aquaculture 225

Shrimp Aquaculture and the Environment: Lessons on Improving the

Environmental Performance of Marine Aquaculture, Dr. Jason Clay 226

• Contributed Papers

Aquaculture and Ecosystems: Seeking Sustainability in the Northeast

Dr. Frank Panek 238

• Maximizing Value to Coastal Communities through Fisheries and Aquaculture

Dr. Jim McVey 244

Chapter 6. Mechanisms for stakeholders consensus building 249

Mechanisms for stakeholders consensus building, Dr. Harald Rosenthal 250

• Contributed Papers

The importance of the stakeholder process to the future of U.S. marine

aquaculture, Dr. Ed Rhodes 284

New England Fishery Management Council Process: A model for Stakeholder

Participation. Capt. Paul Howard 287

"Anatomy of a Biological Murder" The Killing of Western Long Island Sound

and Millions of Lobsters, Mr. Art Glowka 290

“Neighbor to Neighbor” Forming Partnerships with Local Communities,

Mr. Scott Tilton 298

Mechanisms for Aquaculture Stakeholder Consensus Building: Suggestions based on Sea Grant

Experience, Drs. Jack Mattice and Dale Baker 302

Ten Challenges To Effective Stakeholder Consensus Development, Mr. Peter Shelley, Esq.309

Breakout group: Mechanisms for stakeholders consensus building Dr. Harlyn Halvorson 315

Chapter 7. Lessons learned and challenges Dr. David Bengston, Dr. Harlyn Halvorson, Dr. Jack

Pearcs, Dr. Robert Rheault, and Dr. Michael Tlusty 319