POLLUTION ABATEMENT AND CONTROL EXPENDITURE IN CENTRAL

0,44

MB

AND EASTERN EUROPE

71

stron

4989

ID

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

1999

rok

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. 8

RESUME. 13

Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 20

1.1 Background . 20

1.2 Scope of the report . 21

1.2.1 Definition of PAC expenditures. 21

1.2.2 Limitations of PAC investment data 22

1.3 Structure of the report 22

Chapter 2: COUNTRIES IN TRANSITION 23

2.1 Level of development 23

2.2 Progress in transition 24

2.3 Economic recovery 26

2.3.1 Other economic indicators . 26

2.3.2 Industrial restructuring . 30

Chapter 3: ENVIRONMENTAL INVESTMENT EXPENDITURE . 33

3.1 Overall trends and shares . 33

3.1.1 PAC investment share of GDP. 34

3.1.2 PAC investments per capita . 36

3.1.3 Correlation between GDP and PAC investments. 37

3.2 Structure of PAC investments by environmental media 38

3.3 Public sector PAC investments 40

3.3.1 Local government shares 42

Chapter 4: SOURCES OF FINANCING 44

4.1 Overall trends and shares . 44

4.2 The role of environmental funds 44

4.2.1 Pollution charge exemption schemes . 45

REFERENCES 46

ANNEX I: PAC EXPENDITURE -- CONCEPT AND METHODOLOGY (OECD) 48

ANNEX II: STATISTICAL DATA 55

ANNEX III: CONTACT ADDRESSES 70