Achieving the Successful Transfer of Environmentally Sound

0,21

MB

Technologies: Trade-Related Aspects

37

stron

4994

ID

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

2005

rok

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACHIEVING THE SUCCESSFUL TRANSFER OF ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND TECHNOLOGIES:

TRADE-RELATED ASPECTS. 4

Executive summary 4

Transfer of EST: differences and similarities with technology transfer in general . 4

Adequate environmental regulation is one of the main drivers of EST transfers 4

Reducing trade barriers on environmental goods and services benefits EST transfer. 4

Adequate IPR regimes are necessary for the development and transfer of EST . 5

Lack of capacity is one of the main obstacles to the successful transfer and absorption of EST 5

Specific financial mechanisms are sometimes necessary 5

Introduction 6

Some key aspects of EST transfer. 7

What are environmentally sound technologies? 7

What are the differences between EST transfers and other transfers?. 7

Main channels for technology transfer 9

Technology transfer through trade in goods and services . 10

Technology transfer through foreign direct investment and licences 12

Factors affecting EST transfer: drivers and obstacles . 14

Access to information. 14

Trade-related policies and practices 21

Intellectual property rights. 23

Capacity 25

Financing 27

Concluding remarks . 29

General remarks 29

Overview of conditions for successful transfers of EST through trade . 29

BIBLIOGRAPHY 31