| | GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION PATHWAYS IN THE UNFCCC |
| | 0,31 | | MB | PROCESS UP TO 2025 |
| | 37 | | stron |
| | 5002 | | ID | Directorate-General for the Environment, European Commission |
| | 2003 | | rok |
| | Executive summary3 |
| | The need for further action9 |
| | World greenhouse gas emissions, if unconstrained, lead to levels of concentrations that are |
| | inconsistent with the EU climate target. 9 |
| | Stabilising greenhouse gas concentrations at levels meeting the EU target implies substantial |
| | changes in emissions immediately after 2010 . 11 |
| | Meeting the EU climate target is only likely under stringent global emission profiles 12 |
| | By 2025, reductions of 15 to 30 % from baseline are required 13 |
| | Options for the future architecture of international climate policies 14 |
| | The diversity in principles and variables for the design of international climate policies 14 |
| | - Problem definition (burden sharing or resource sharing) 14 |
| | - Equity principles. 14 |
| | - Setting emission reduction targets (top-down or bottom-up). 15 |
| | - Timing of participation (synchronous or differentiated) . 15 |
| | - Type of commitment (baseline-dependent or not, absolute or dynamic) 15 |
| | A short review of key approaches to the future climate architecture . 15 |
| | - Per Capita Convergence in emission endowments. 15 |
| | - Soft Landing in emission growth 15 |
| | - Global Preference Score approach 15 |
| | - Historical Contribution to Climate Change or ‘Brazilian proposal’ . 16 |
| | - Ability To Pay. 16 |
| | - Multi-Stage approach. 16 |
| | Per Capita Convergence and Multi-Stage as two generic endowment schemes 17 |
| | - Per Capita Convergence: testing for an earlier or later convergence year . 18 |
| | - Multi-Stage: a graduated approach to emission targets 18 |
| | - Stage 1 to Stage 2: from no-constraint to emission limitation (carbon intensity) targets 18 |
| | - Stage 2 to Stage 3: from emission limitation to reduction targets . 19 |
| | An assessment of emission profiles and endowment schemes .20 |
| | Timing and targets for the Per Capita Convergence and Multi-Stage schemes. 20 |
| | - Timing and targets in the S550e emission profile 20 |
| | - Timing and targets in the S650e emission profile 20 |
| | Regional emission reduction targets under the Multi Stage and Per Capita Convergence schemes 21 |
| | |
| | - Annex I regions, 2025 horizon. 21 |
| | - Annex I regions, 2050 horizon. 22 |
| | - Non-Annex I regions, 2025 horizon . 23 |
| | - Non-Annex I regions, 2050 horizon . 23 |
| | Assessment of the outcomes of the commitment schemes in the sectoral abatement cost approach |
| | 24 |
| | Assessment of the outcomes of the commitment schemes in the general equilibrium approach. 27 |
| | - The carbon value resulting from the emission profiles 27 |
| | - Macroeconomic implications at the regional level. 27 |
| | Co-benefits of climate policies: the example of regional air pollution .29 |
| | Co-benefits between climate policies and regional air pollution. 29 |
| | The linkages between climate change and regional air pollution 29 |
| | - Changes in emissions of sulphur and nitrogen oxide 29 |
| | - Potential benefits for human health . 30 |
| | Conclusions31 |
| | - Global emission profiles for meeting the EU climate target. 31 |
| | - Building international commitment schemes . 31 |
| | - Results of the assessment of the Per Capita Convergence and Multi-Stage approaches 3 |