| | Anti-icing of Local Roads: A Manual of Practice |
| | 1,07 | | MB |
| | 32 | | stron |
| | 5022 | | ID | University of New Hampshire |
| | 2005 | | rok |
| | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| | 1. INTRODUCTION.1-1 |
| | 1.1 PURPOSE OF THE MANUAL.1-1 |
| | 1.2 MANUAL SCOPE AND ORGANIZATION.1-1 |
| | 2. ANTI-ICING PROGRAMS2-1 |
| | 2.1 LEVELS OF SERVICE.2-1 |
| | 2.2 STORM CONDITIONS.2-1 |
| | 2.3 ANTI-ICING AND DEICING.2-2 |
| | 2.4 ANTI-ICING AS A SYSTEMATIC PRACTICE2-2 |
| | 2.5 ABRASIVES USE.2-2 |
| | 3. ANTI-ICING PROGRAM COMPONENTS3-1 |
| | 3.1 OPERATIONS COMPONENT3-1 |
| | 3.1.1 Solid chemical applications capability3-1 |
| | 3.1.1.1 Solid materials.3-2 |
| | 3.1.1.2 Equipment3-2 |
| | Solid material spreaders3-2 |
| | Solid chemical storage facilities3-3 |
| | 3.1.2 Prewetted solid chemical application.3-4 |
| | 3.1.2.1 Materials3-4 |
| | Solid materials and gradation.3-4 |
| | Prewetting solutions3-4 |
| | 3.1.2.2 Prewetting techniques and equipment3-5 |
| | Prewetting of stockpiles.3-5 |
| | Prewetting of a load or while loading.3-5 |
| | Prewetting by spreader spray systems.3-6 |
| | 3.1.3 Plowing capability3-7 |
| | 3.1.3.1 Snowplow Types.3-7 |
| | 3.1.3.2 Cutting edges.3-7 |
| | 3.2 DECISION-MAKING COMPONENT.3-7 |
| | 3.2.1 Weather forecasts.3-7 |
| | 3.2.2 Road and road weather information3-8 |
| | 3.2.2.1 Road information3-8 |
| | 3.3 PERSONNEL COMPONENT3-8 |
| | 3.3.1 Trained personnel for anti-icing decision making and operations3-9 |
| | 3.3.2 Deployment of personnel.3-9 |
| | 4. RECOMMENDED ANTI-ICING PRACTICES4-1 |
| | 4.1 INITIAL OPERATION.4-1 |
| | 4.1.1 Apply chemical.4-2 |
| | 4.1.2 Recommendations.4-2 |
| | 4.1.3 Plow only.4-2 |
| | 4.1.4 Do nothing.4-3 |
| | 4.2 SUBSEQUENT OPERATIONS4-3 |
| | 4.2.1 Monitoring of conditions.4-3 |
| | 4.2.2 Action4-3 |
| | 4.2.2.1 Apply chemical.4-3 |
| | 4.2.2.2 Plow4-4 |
| | 4.2.2.3 Do nothing.4-4 |
| | 4.3 SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS4-4 |
| | 4.3.1 Traffic4-4 |
| | 4.3.2 Wind4-4 |
| | 4.3.3 Hybrid precipitation events.4-5 |
| | 4.3.4 Prewetting quantities.4-5 |
| | 4.3.5 Development of snowpack and bond4-5 |
| | 4.3.6 Use of abrasives4-6 |
| | 4.4 POST-STORM ASSESSMENT OF OPERATIONS.4-6 |
| | APPENDIX A. CHEMICAL SOLUTIONS FREEZING-POINTS.A-1 |
| | A.1 INTRODUCTIONA-1 |
| | A.2 NaCl AND CaCl2A-2 |
| | APPENDIX B. CHEMICAL APPLICATION RATES.B-1 |
| | B.1 INTRODUCTIONB-1 |
| | B.2 GUIDANCE FOR ANTI-ICING OPERATIONS.B-1 |
| | B.3 OTHER CHEMICALS.B-3 |