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OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE: MAINTENANCE OF PETROLEUM

2,79

SYSTEMS

157

stron

5072

UNITED STATES ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS

2004

rok

Contents

Chapter 1 SCOPE AND RESPONSIBILITY

1.1. Purpose and Scope.7

1.2. Organizational Responsibilities.7

Chapter 2 PIPELINE SYSTEMS

2.1. On-Base Pipelines11

2.2. Operating On-Base Petroleum Systems.11

2.3. Maintenance of On-Base Pipelines11

2.4. Off-Base Pipeline Systems13

2.5. General Pipeline System Components.15

2.6. General Pipeline System Repairs.15

2.7. Major Repairs.16

2.8. Pipeline Cleaning.16

Chapter 3 MECHANICAL SYSTEMS

3.1. General Information.17

3.2. Pumps17

Figure 3.1. Rotary Vane Pump.17

Figure 3.2. Horizontal Split-Case Pump18

Figure 3.3. Vertical Deepwell Turbine Pump19

Figure 3.4. Hydraulic Gradient.20

3.3. Filter/Separators (F/S)21

3.4. Meters.24

3.5. Valves.24

Figure 3.5. DBB Valve25

Figure 3.6. Ball Valve.26

Figure 3.7. Full Port Ball Valve.26

Figure 3.8. Gate Valve27

3.6. Sump Pumps27

3.7. Line Strainers28

3.8. Automatic Air Eliminators.28

3.9. Truck and Tank Car Offloading.28

3.10. Tanker or Barge Offloading.28

3.11. Fill Stands.28

3.12. Ground Product Fueling Systems29

Chapter 4 HYDRANT FUELING SYSTEM, TYPE I (PANERO)

4.1. General Information.31

4.2. Original Panero31

Figure 4.1. Modified Panero, Type I Hydrant System.32

4.3. Modified Panero System Operation.32

4.4. System Components.32

Figure 4.2. Nonsurge/Check Valve (81AF).33

Figure 4.3. F/S Control Valve (40AF-2A).34

Figure 4.4. Refuel/Defuel Control Valve (302AF)35

Figure 4.5. Philadelphia Hydrant Adapter36

Figure 4.6. Liquid Level Gauge (Liquidometer)37

Figure 4.7. High-Level Shutoff Valve (124AF).38

Chapter 5 HYDRANT FUELING SYSTEM, TYPE II (PRITCHARD)

5.1. General Information.39

Figure 5.1. Pritchard, Type II Hydrant System40

5.2. Deep-Well (Vertical) Turbine Pump.40

5.3. Nonsurge/Check Valve40

Figure 5.2. Nonsurge/Check Valve (81AF-8)41

5.4. F/S.41

5.5. F/S Control Valve (FSCV) (40AF-2C)41

Figure 5.3. F/S Control Valve (40AF-2C).42

5.6. Refueling Control Valve (90AF-8)42

Figure 5.4. Refueling Control Valve (90AF-8)43

5.7. Pressure Relief Valve (50AF-2).43

Figure 5.5. Pressure Relief Valve (50AF-2).44

5.8. Defueling Control Valve (134AF).45

Figure 5.6. Defueling Control Valve (134AF).45

5.9. Dual Rate-of-Flow Control Valve (41AF).45

Figure 5.7. Dual Rate-of-Flow Control Valve (41AF).46

5.10. Recommended Setting Procedure for Rate-of-Flow Control Valve (41AF).46

5.11. Defueling Pump.46

Figure 5.8. Self-Priming Centrifugal Defueling Pump47

Figure 5.9. Centrifugal Priming Pump Operation47

5.12. Remote Controls (Electrical and Magnetic)48

5.13. Hydrant Adapter and Liquid Control Valve (352AF)48

Figure 5.10. Hydrant Adapter (352AF)48

5.14. Hydrant Hose Cart.49

5.15. High-Level Shut-Off (HLSO)49

Figure 5.11. HLSO Valve (129AF)49

5.16. Type II Modified (Rapid Flow).49

Figure 5.12. Combination Dual Rate-of-Flow Control Valve and Solenoid Valve (41AF-10).50

Figure 5.13. Dual Pressure Relief, Solenoid Shutoff, and Check Valve (51AF-4)51

Figure 5.14. X73 Aluminum Blanking Cap.52

Chapter 6 CONSTANT-PRESSURE HYDRANT FUELING SYSTEM, TYPE III (PHILLIPS)

6.1. General Information.53

6.2. Piping53

6.3. Receiving and Storage.54

Figure 6.1. Type III, Constant-Pressure Hydrant Fueling System.55

Figure 6.2. HLSO Valve (413AF-5A)56

6.4. Pumphouse57

Figure 6.3. Rate-of-Flow Nonsurge Check Valve (41AF-1A).57

Figure 6.4. F/S Control Valve (41AF-2C).58

Figure 6.5. ESO Valve (136AF-9B).59

Figure 6.6. HCV (362AF-8).60

Figure 6.7. BPCV (58AF-9).61

Figure 6.8. D/FV (58AF-9-1).62

Figure 6.9. PCV (58AF-3)63

6.5. Product Recovery System63

Figure 6.10. OV (2129AF).65

6.6. Sequence of Operations.67

6.7. Leak Detection.71

Chapter 7 FUEL STORAGE TANKS

7.1. General Information.72

Figure 7.1. Air Force Standard Tank72

Figure 7.2. Water Draw-Off System73

Figure 7.3. Water Draw-Off System Detail.74

7.2. Types of Tanks.75

Figure 7.4. Floating Pan.76

Figure 7.5. Floating Pan Detail76

Figure 7.6. Floating Pan Seal.77

Figure 7.7. New Standard Tank Seal77

Figure 7.8. Automatic Float Gauge78

Figure 7.9. Automatic Float Gauge Head.79

Figure 7.10. Automatic Float Gauge – Floating Pan80

Figure 7.11. Horizontal Cylindrical Tank81

7.3. Maintenance of Storage Tanks.82

7.4. Pressure Vacuum Vents.83

Figure 7.12. Pressure Vacuum Vent.84

Figure 7.13. Belowground Tank Vent85

7.5. Diking.85

Chapter 8 SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT

8.1. General Safety87

8.2. Safety Precautions and Hazards of Liquid Petroleum Products88

8.3. First Aid89

8.4. Preventing Petroleum Fires90

Chapter 9 ELECTRICAL GROUNDING AND BONDING

9.1. General Information.91

9.2. Static Charge Generation in Refueling Systems91

9.3. Preventing Static Electricity92

9.4. Relaxation (Release) of Electrostatic Energy92

9.5. Grounding or Bonding Procedures93

Figure 9.1. Aboveground Tank-Grounding Procedures.94

Figure 9.2. Typical Method of Grounding Pier, Floating, and Barge Facilities95

Figure 9.3. Typical Method of Bonding Ladders on Floating Roof Tanks96

Figure 9.4. Truck Fill Stand and Unloading Area Grounding97

9.6. Electrical Currents.98

9.7. Stray Currents99

9.8. Electrical Inspection, Testing, and Identification Procedures.99

Chapter 10 RECURRING MAINTENANCE

10.1. General Information101

10.2. Responsibilities101

10.3. Recurring Maintenance and Inspections.101

Table 10.1. Preventive Maintenance References.102

Chapter 11 ENTRY FOR INSPECTING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, AND COATING LIQUID

PETROLEUM TANKS

11.1. Introduction.114

11.2. Standards.114

11.3. TES Certification Requirements114

11.4. Tank Entry Personnel Requirements.115

11.5. Confined Space Entry Requirements.115

11.6. Tank Cleaning Crew115

11.7. Tank Entry Coordination.117