| | COLORADO MAGLEV PROJECT |
| | 9,15 | | MB |
| | 225 | | stron |
| | 5073 | | ID | Sandia National Laboratories |
| | 2004 | | rok |
| | TABLE of CONTENTS |
| | 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 |
| | 2.0 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS2 |
| | 2.1. Route2 |
| | 2.1.1. Denver Metropolitan Area Corridor Alignments2 |
| | 2.1.2. Trip Purposes 6 |
| | 2.1.3.I-70 Mountain Corridor Route Alignment Description from East to West 12 |
| | 2.1.4. Alignment Alternatives24 |
| | 2.1.5. Summary and Conclusions32 |
| | 2.2. Ridership Projections 35 |
| | 3.0 SYSTEM INTEGRATION56 |
| | 3.1. Introduction 56 |
| | 3.2. Simulations 57 |
| | 3.3. Guideway 61 |
| | 3.3.1. Route61 |
| | 3.3.2. Guideway Design 62 |
| | 3.3.3. Tolerances63 |
| | 3.3.4. Construction Issues63 |
| | 3.4. Stations66 |
| | 3.4.1. Locations66 |
| | 3.4.2. Station Types 67 |
| | 3.4.3. Construction 67 |
| | 3.4.4. Station Platforms67 |
| | 3.4.5. Vehicle Storage and Switching 68 |
| | 3.4.6. Unique Station Characteristics 68 |
| | 3.5. Vehicle68 |
| | 3.5.1. Required Capacity68 |
| | 3.5.2. Performance Characteristics68 |
| | 3.5.3. Critical Subsystems69 |
| | 3.6. Controls69 |
| | 3.7. Electrification71 |
| | 3.8. Safety and Security74 |
| | 3.9. Vehicle/Guideway Interface75 |
| | 3.10. Anomalous Conditions 75 |
| | 4.0 ELECTRIFICATION77 |
| | 4.1. Existing and Planned Power Supply Resources77 |
| | 4.1.1. Utilities and Service Areas 78 |
| | 4.1.2. Power Plants78 |
| | 4.1.3. Transmission Lines78 |
| | 4.1.4. Substations 78 |
| | 4.1.5. Power Pickup Points79 |
| | 4.2. Power Requirements and Supply Adequacy88 |
| | 4.2.1. Power Requirements88 |
| | 4.2.2. Substation Design90 |
| | 4.2.3. Station Power 91 |
| | 4.2.4. Onboard Auxiliary Power91 |
| | 4.2.5. Power Supply Options92 |
| | 4.3. Feasibility of Distributed Generation93 |
| | 4.3.1. Background93 |
| | 4.3.2. Typical Substation Design and Cost 93 |
| | 4.3.3. Substation Costs94 |
| | 4.3.4. Energy Storage Systems95 |
| | 4.4. Comparison of Electric Supply Options and Recommendations96 |
| | 4.4.1. Background96 |
| | 4.4.2. Development of the Transmission Option97 |
| | 4.4.3. Gas Insulated Transmission 98 |
| | 4.4.4. GIL in Maglev Application 99 |
| | 5.0 GREENHOUSE GAS IMPACT 100 |
| | 5.1. Introduction 100 |
| | 5.1.1. Greenhouse Emissions from Vehicles100 |
| | 5.1.2. Baseline Emissions Estimate 102 |
| | 5.1.3. Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Power Requirements104 |
| | 5.1.4. Estimates of Net CO2 Changes 107 |
| | 5.1.5. Summary108 |
| | 6.0 PROPULSION (TRADE STUDY)111 |
| | 6.1. Introduction 111 |
| | 6.1.1. Goals and Objectives 111 |
| | 6.1.2. Scope and Tasks111 |
| | 6.1.3. Resources and Technical Work 111 |
| | 6.2. Thrust and Power Requirements112 |
| | 6.2.1. Requirements and Assumptions for Analysis 112 |
| | 6.2.2. Electric Power per Car Along Route 116 |
| | 6.3. Options for Improvement of CHSST LIM to Meet Requirements 118 |
| | 6.4. Code Development to Model LIM Performance 119 |
| | 6.5. LIM Performance Calculations and Tradeoffs121 |
| | 6.5.1. Performance of HSST-200 Baseline LIM 121 |
| | 6.5.2. Modifications to HSST-200 Baseline LIM 124 |
| | 6.5.3. COL-200 LIM Motoring Performance 130 |
| | 6.5.4. COL-200 LIM Braking Performance 135 |
| | 6.5.5. Development Plan for Improved Motor Design 137 |
| | 6.6. Inverter and Protection Circuits138 |
| | 6.7. Estimated Weight of Propulsion Components141 |
| | 6.7.1. LIM Primary Winding and Core141 |
| | 6.7.2. Inverters and Protection Circuits141 |
| | 6.8. Summary and Conclusions143 |
| | 6.8.1. References 145 |
| | 7.0 COMPARISON OF LINEAR SYNCHRONOUS AND INDUCTION MOTORS 147 |
| | 7.1. Introduction 147 |
| | 7.2. Short-Stator Linear Induction Motor Drive147 |
| | 7.2.1. Basic Configuration147 |
| | 7.2.2. Advantages150 |
| | 7.2.3. Disadvantages151 |
| | 7.3. Long-Stator Linear Synchronous Motor Drive151 |
| | 7.3.1. Basic Configuration151 |
| | 7.3.2. Advantages154 |
| | 7.3.3. Disadvantages155 |
| | 7.3.4. Alternative LSM Design156 |
| | 7.4. Comparison Between Motor Drives157 |
| | 7.4.1. Flexibility to Variable and Uncertain Demand 157 |
| | 7.4.2. Reliability of Operation 158 |
| | 7.4.3. Capital Cost158 |
| | 7.4.4. Operational Cost161 |
| | 7.5. Conclusion162 |
| | 7.5.1. References 163 |
| | 8.0 CMP WINTERIZATION REQUIREMENTS 165 |
| | 8.1. HSST Transit Operations Experience165 |
| | 8.2. HSST Winterization Experience and Recommendations 167 |
| | 8.2.1. Guideway 167 |
| | 8.2.2. Guideway Equipment 167 |
| | 8.2.3. Vehicle169 |
| | 8.3. Colorado Winter Climate and System Winterization Approach171 |
| | 8.3.1. Corridor Characteristics171 |
| | 8.3.2. Maglev System Winterization 174 |
| | 8.3.3. Failure Modes and Effects Analysis - Impacts of Ice, Snow and Dirt 175 |
| | 8.3.4. Potential Vehicle Subsystem Solutions from Impacts on the Guideway . 176 |
| | 8.3.5. References 184 |
| | Appendix 1 Failure Modes 186 |
| | Appendix 2 Severity of the Failure Modes 195 |
| | Appendix 3 Likelihood of Occurrence of these Failure Modes199 |
| | Appendix 4 Capability of Detection of these Failure Modes200 |
| | Appendix 5 Thermal Analysis of the Auxiliary Heater Requirements for the Vehicle/Guideway |
| | Interface201 |