| | Short-term Methods for Estimating the Chronic Toxicity of |
| | 5,89 | | MB | Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater Organisms |
| | 350 | | stron |
| | 5075 | | ID | UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY |
| | 2002 | | rok |
| | CONTENTS |
| | Figures vii |
| | Tables . x |
| | Section Number Page |
| | 1. Introduction . 1 |
| | 2. Short-Term Methods for Estimating Chronic Toxicity 3 |
| | Introduction 3 |
| | Types of Tests 5 |
| | Static Tests 5 |
| | Advantages and Disadvantages of Toxicity Test Types 6 |
| | 3. Health and Safety . 7 |
| | General Precautions 7 |
| | Safety Equipment . 7 |
| | General Laboratory and Field Operations . 7 |
| | Disease Prevention 8 |
| | Safety Manuals . 8 |
| | Waste Disposal . 8 |
| | 4. Quality Assurance 9 |
| | Introduction 9 |
| | Facilities, Equipment, and Test Chambers 9 |
| | Test Organisms . 9 |
| | Laboratory Water Used for Culturing and Test Dilution Water 9 |
| | Effluent and Receiving Water Sampling and Handling 10 |
| | Test Conditions . 10 |
| | Quality of Test Organisms 10 |
| | Food Quality . 11 |
| | Acceptability of Short-Term Chronic Toxicity Tests 11 |
| | Analytical Methods 11 |
| | Calibration and Standardization 12 |
| | Replication and Test Sensitivity 12 |
| | Variability in Toxicity Test Results . 12 |
| | Test Precision 12 |
| | Demonstrating Acceptable Laboratory Performance 15 |
| | Documenting Ongoing Laboratory Performance . 15 |
| | Reference Toxicants . 16 |
| | Record Keeping . 18 |
| | 5. Facilities, Equipment, and Supplies . 19 |
| | General Requirements 19 |
| | Test Chambers 20 |
| | Cleaning Test Chambers and Laboratory Apparatus 20 |
| | Apparatus and Equipment for Culturing and Toxicity Tests 21 |
| | Reagents and Consumable Materials 21 |
| | Test Organisms . 21 |
| | Supplies . 21 |
| | 6. Test Organisms . 22 |
| | Test Species 22 |
| | Sources of Test Organisms 22 |
| | Life Stage . 23 |
| | Laboratory Culturing . 24 |
| | Holding and Handling Test Organisms . 24 |
| | Transportation to the Test Site . 24 |
| | Test Organism Disposal 25 |
| | 7. Dilution Water . 26 |
| | Types of Dilution Water 26 |
| | Standard, Synthetic Dilution Water . 26 |
| | Use of Receiving Water as Dilution Water 28 |
| | Use of Tap Water as Dilution Water . 29 |
| | Dilution Water Holding . 29 |
| | 8. Effluent and Receiving Water Sampling, Sample Handling, and Sample Preparation for Toxicity |
| | Tests . 30 |
| | Effluent Sampling . 30 |
| | Effluent Sample Types . 30 |
| | Effluent Sampling Recommendations 31 |
| | Receiving Water Sampling 31 |
| | Effluent and Receiving Water Sample Handling, Preservation, and Shipping . 32 |
| | Sample Receiving . 33 |
| | Persistence of Effluent Toxicity During Sample Shipment and Holding . 33 |
| | Preparation of Effluent and Receiving Water Samples for Toxicity Tests 33 |
| | Preliminary Toxicity Range-Finding Tests 35 |
| | Multi-concentration (Definitive) Effluent Toxicity Tests . 36 |
| | Receiving Water Tests . 36 |
| | 9. Chronic Toxicity Test Endpoints and Data Analysis 37 |
| | Endpoints 37 |
| | Relationship Between Endpoints Determined by |
| | Hypothesis Testing and Point Estimation Techniques 37 |
| | Precision 39 |
| | Data Analysis 39 |
| | Choice of Analysis 41 |
| | Hypothesis Tests 44 |
| | Point Estimation Techniques . 45 |
| | 10. Report Preparation and Test Review 47 |
| | Report Preparation . 47 |
| | Test Review 49 |
| | 11. Test Method: Fathead Minnow, Pimephales promelas, Larval Survival and Growth Test Method |
| | 1000.0 53 |
| | Scope and Application 53 |
| | Summary of Method 53 |
| | Interferences 53 |
| | Safety 58 |
| | Apparatus and Equipment 58 |
| | Reagents and Consumable Materials . 59 |
| | Effluent and Receiving Water Collection, Preservation, and Storage 65 |
| | Calibration and Standardization . 65 |
| | Quality Control 65 |
| | Test Procedures 65 |
| | Summary of Test Conditions and Test Acceptability Criteria 72 |
| | Acceptability of Test Results . 77 |
| | Data Analysis . 77 |
| | Precision and Accuracy 106 |
| | 12. Test Method: Fathead Minnow, Pimephales promelas, Embryo-larval Survival and Teratogenicity |
| | Test Method 1001.0 . 112 |
| | Scope and Application 112 |
| | Summary of Method 112 |
| | Interferences 112 |
| | Safety 114 |
| | Apparatus and Equipment 114 |
| | Reagents and Consumable Materials . 115 |
| | Effluent and Receiving Water Collection, Preservation, and Storage 116 |
| | Calibration and Standardization . 116 |
| | Quality Control 117 |
| | Test Procedures 117 |
| | Summary of Test Conditions and Test Acceptability Criteria 124 |
| | Acceptability of Test Result 124 |
| | Data Analysis . 128 |
| | Precision and Accuracy 136 |
| | 13. Test Method: Daphnid, Ceriodaphnia dubia, Survival and Reproduction Test Method 1002.0 141 |
| | Scope and Application 141 |
| | Summary of Method 141 |
| | Interferences 141 |
| | Safety 143 |
| | Apparatus and Equipment 143 |
| | Reagents and Consumable Materials . 145 |
| | Effluent and Receiving Water Collection, Preservation, and Storage 154 |
| | Calibration and Standardization . 154 |
| | Quality Control 154 |
| | Test Procedures 154 |
| | Summary of Test Conditions and Test Acceptability Criteria 161 |
| | Acceptability of Test Results . 161 |
| | Data Analysis . 166 |
| | Precision and Accuracy 189 |
| | 14. Test Method: Green Alga, Selenastrum capricornutum, Growth |
| | Test Method 1003.0 197 |
| | Scope and Application 197 |
| | Summary of Method 197 |
| | Interferences 197 |
| | Safety 197 |
| | Apparatus and Equipment 198 |
| | Reagents and Consumable Materials . 199 |
| | Effluent and Receiving Water Collection, Preservation, and Storage 203 |
| | Calibration and Standardization . 203 |
| | Quality Control 203 |
| | Test Procedures 203 |
| | Summary of Test Conditions and Test Acceptability Criteria 208 |
| | Acceptability of Test Results . 208 |
| | Data Analysis . 212 |
| | Precision and Accuracy 224 |