Inventory of Worldwide PCB Destruction Capacity, September

2,23

MB

2004

78

stron

5103

ID

UNEP Chemicals

2005

rok

Table of Contents:

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5

2 BACKGROUND 8

3 PCBs – HISTORY OF APPLICATION AND USE 8

4 INTRODUCTION TO THE INVENTORY 10

5 DECONTAMINATION AND DESTRUCTION PROCESSES FOR PCB WASTES 11

5.1 CONTAMINATION PROCESSES FOR PCB WASTE. 11

5.2 DESTRUCTION PROCESSES FOR PCB WASTE. 11

5.2.1 INCINERATION . 11

5.2.2 DECHLORINATION PROCESSES . 12

5.2.2.1 GAS PHASE CHEMICAL REDUCTION (GPCR), GPCR PROCESS 12

5.2.2.2 BASE CATALYSED DECOMPOSITION (BCD) . 12

5.2.2.3 SODIUM REDUCTION . 13

5.2.2.4 SUPER-CRITICAL WATER OXIDATION (SCWO) 13

5.2.2.5 PLASMA ARC. 13

5.2.2.6 PYROLYSIS 14

5.2.2.7 MOLTEN SALT OXIDATION 14

5.2.2.8 SOLVATED ELECTRON TECHNOLOGY 14

6 THE QUESTIONNAIRE 15

7 RESULTS . 17

7.1 COMPANY NAME CHANGES SINCE THE FIRST EDITION IN 1998 17

7.2 GEOGRAPHICAL OVERVIEW 17

7.2.1 DISTRIBUTION OF FACILITIES BY CONTINENT . 17

7.2.2 DISTRIBUTION OF FACILITIES BY COUNTRY 18

7.2.3 FACILITY LOCATION AND CONTACT DETAILS. 18

7.2.3.1 AFRICA. 19

7.2.3.2 AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND 19

7.2.3.3 ASIA 20

7.2.3.4 EUROPE. 21

7.2.3.5 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 25

7.2.3.6 NORTH AMERICA 26

7.3 EVALUATION OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE . 28

7.3.1 BLOCK I: LICENCE / AUTHORIZATION. 28

7.3.2 BLOCK I: STORAGE . 31

7.3.3 BLOCK I: PCB MANAGEMENT ISSUES 33

7.3.4 BLOCK II: PCB WASTE ACCEPTED 34

7.3.5 BLOCK III: PCB DISPOSAL AND DECONTAMINATION TECHNOLOGIES: 38

7.3.6 BLOCK III: PRETREATMENT OF PCB WASTE. 46

7.3.7 BLOCK III: BYPRODUCTS AND MONITORING. 49

7.3.8 BLOCK III: TREATMENT COSTS OF PCB WASTE. 53

7.3.9 BLOCK III: SCALING AND DISPOSAL CAPACITY 57

APPENDIX 1: COPY OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE. 60

APPENDIX 2: COPY OF THE INVITATION LETTER 76

APPENDIX 3: INFORMATION SOURCES 77

APPENDIX 4: ORIGINAL QUESTIONNAIRES SUBMITTED TO UNEP. 78