Support in the Drafting of an ExIA on the Thematic Strategy on

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the Prevention and Recycling of Waste (TSPRW)

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stron

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GHK

2005

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CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION . 1

1.1 Aim of the Study.1

1.2 Scope of this Report .1

1.3 Objectives and Research Approach1

1.4 Structure of the Report .2

PART ONE: REVIEW OF THE AVAILABLE INFORMATION . 4

2 EXTRACTION & SUMMARY OF AVAILABLE INFORMATION. 5

2.1 Introduction 5

2.2 Extraction of Information to Support the ExIA .5

2.3 Summary tables .7

3 GAPS IN THE AVAILABLE INFORMATION . 31

3.1 The Main Gaps in the Evidence Base – A Summary 31

3.2 A Review of the Available Information in Relation to Key Questions.33

3.3 General Observations of the Use of Instruments in the Strategy .42

PART TWO - ASSESSMENT OF MATERIALS VERSUS PRODUCT RECYCLING. 46

4 INTRODUCTION . 47

5 APPROACH . 47

5.1 Objective & General Approach 47

5.2 Economic Analysis .48

5.3 Environmental Impacts.54

5.4 Social Impacts 56

6 PLASTICS RECYCLING . 57

6.1 Market & statistics57

6.2 Material versus product-based recycling61

6.3 Waste streams already subject to recycling targets 62

6.4 Waste streams not subject to recycling targets.66

6.5 Comparative assessment .68

7 PAPER RECYCLING . 73

7.1 Market & statistics73

7.2 Material versus product-based recycling78

8 CONCLUSIONS FOR THE IMPACT ASSESSMENT 85

8.1 Materials or Product Based Approaches to Increase Recycling.85

8.2 Sensitivity Analysis85

PART THREE – ASSESSMENT OF EXTENDING IPPC TO ADDITIONAL WASTE MANAGEMENT

ACTIVITIES 87

9 GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF EXTENDING IPPC. 88

9.1 Introduction 88

9.2 Overview of Waste Treatment Activities Not Covered by IPPC 89

9.3 Case Studies.92

9.4 Application of the Qualitative Model for IPPC extension.94

9.5 Expected Effects of IPPC Extension on Waste Management Operations Presently Not Covered

by IPPC 98

9.6 Conclusions on the Extension of IPPC to Waste Treatment Processes 102

10 IPPC CASE STUDIES . 107

10.1 Choice of Case Studies for Model Development107

10.2 Case study 1: Biological treatment of organic waste 109

10.3 Case study 2: Preparation of waste for co-firing in cement kilns.126

10.4 Case study 3: Dismantling of End of Life Vehicles 135

ANNEXES . 151

ANNEX 1. RESPONSES TO EXTENDED IMPACT ASSESSMENT CONSULTATION 152

ANNEX 2. TABLES OF AVAILABLE INFORMATION FROM LITERATURE REVIEW 203

ANNEX 3. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE LITERATURE REVIEW 260

ANNEX 4. DATA ON NON-IPPC COVERED WASTE TREATMENT METHODS. 275

ANNEX 5: STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION ON THE TSPRW AND IPPC EXTENSION . 281

ANNEX 6: LITERATURE, BACKGROUND DOCUMENTATION, INTERVIEWEES . 283