| | Re-defining the concepts of waste and waste management. |
| | 1,98 | | MB | Evolving the Theory of Waste Management |
| | 168 | | stron |
| | 5131 | | ID | University of Oulu |
| | 2004 | | rok |
| | Contents |
| | Abstract |
| | Acknowledgements |
| | Preface |
| | Abbreviations |
| | 1 Introduction 17 |
| | 2 The state of the art of waste management . 20 |
| | 2.1 Sources of waste 21 |
| | 2.1.1 Municipal waste/ household waste 22 |
| | 2.1.2 Waste Electrical and Electric Equipment . 24 |
| | 2.1.3 Manufacturing waste . 24 |
| | 2.1.4 Hazardous waste from manufacturing industries 25 |
| | 2.1.5 Construction and demolition waste 26 |
| | 2.1.6 Wastewater treatment plants . 26 |
| | 2.2 Waste management hierarchy 27 |
| | 2.2.1 Waste minimisation 27 |
| | 2.2.2 Re-use 32 |
| | 2.2.3 Recycling 34 |
| | 2.2.4 Feedstock recycling 35 |
| | 2.2.5 Feedstock recycling versus mechanical recycling . 37 |
| | 2.2.6 Incineration 39 |
| | 2.2.7 Disposal . 41 |
| | 3 Waste management legislation 43 |
| | 3.1 The European Union policy on environment 43 |
| | 3.2 Waste legislation in the European Union . 44 |
| | 3.3 Waste legislation in Finland . 47 |
| | 3.4 The effects of legislation 52 |
| | 3.4.1 Recycling in Finland . 54 |
| | 3.5 Challenging the solid waste management hierarchy . 57 |
| | 3.5.1 What is wrong with recycling? . 58 |
| | 3.6 Quo vadis waste management? . 63 |
| | 4 Defining Waste . 65 |
| | 4.1 Waste definitions 66 |
| | 4.2 The notion of waste 70 |
| | 4.3 Effects of the current definition of waste . 72 |
| | 4.4 Waste versus non-waste: national and international approaches . 74 |
| | 4.5 What is waste? 77 |
| | 4.6 The PSSP language 80 |
| | 4.7 Re-defining waste . 82 |
| | 4.8 Defining non-waste 83 |
| | 4.9 The position of the metallurgy industry 85 |
| | 4.10 The hazard of waste . 88 |
| | 5 The ownership concept and awareness of waste 90 |
| | 5.1 The concept of ownership . 91 |
| | 5.2 The ownership concept expressed in PSSP 91 |
| | 5.3 Ownership and defining waste . 92 |
| | 5.4 Ownership in waste management . 94 |
| | 5.4.1 Ownership and awareness . 94 |
| | 5.4.2 Transfer of ownership 97 |
| | 5.5 The ownership concept in legislation 99 |
| | 6 Defining the roles of waste management . 101 |
| | 6.1 Activity upon waste . 101 |
| | 6.2 Turning waste to non-waste 102 |
| | 6.3 Re-defining waste management . 104 |
| | 6.4 The role of legislation in waste management . 106 |
| | 6.5 Toward waste prevention 107 |
| | 6.5.1 Prevent creating things with no Purpose . 107 |
| | 6.5.2 Prevent creating things with a single finite Purpose 108 |
| | 6.5.3 Prevent creating things that cease performing . 108 |
| | 6.5.4 Preventing owners from failing use things for their Purpose . 108 |
| | 6.6 Breaking down the pyramid 109 |
| | 6.7 Integrated resources management 110 |
| | 6.8 Industrial Ecology and Waste Management 111 |
| | 7 Toward the Theory of Waste Management . 114 |
| | 7.1 The practical role of theories 115 |
| | 7.2 Design Science 116 |
| | 7.3 Theory of Technical Systems . 119 |
| | 7.4 Waste Management Science 121 |
| | 7.5 Purpose and causality . 123 |
| | 7.6 PSSP model of Waste Management System 125 |
| | 7.7 The waste management domain . 127 |
| | 7.8 Scientific reasoning toward the theory of waste management 129 |
| | 7.9 The methodology of waste management . 131 |
| | 8 Plastic food-packaging: an in-depth analysis 134 |
| | 8.1 The functions of packaging . 135 |
| | 8.2 Waste management methodology for plastic packaging . 137 |
| | 8.2.1 Recommendations for the presented plastic packaging 143 |
| | 9 Summary . 144 |
| | References |