| | CROP SPRAYING AND THE HEALTH OF RESIDENTS AND |
| | 1,35 | | MB | BYSTANDERS |
| | 184 | | stron |
| | 5179 | | ID | Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution |
| | 2005 | | rok |
| | Contents |
| | CHAPTER 1 • Introduction 1 |
| | Request from the Minister 1 |
| | Pesticides and health 2 |
| | Resident and bystander exposure to agricultural pesticide spray 5 |
| | Bystander exposure: concern and activity in other countries 11 |
| | Evidence 12 |
| | Structure of the report 14 |
| | CHAPTER 2 • Pesticide spraying and health 15 |
| | Introduction 15 |
| | Health effects attributed to pesticides 16 |
| | Toxicology 25 |
| | Monitoring 30 |
| | Health effects, monitoring and reporting 35 |
| | Conclusions 42 |
| | CHAPTER 3 • Exposure 44 |
| | Current application practice 44 |
| | Routes of exposure 45 |
| | Exposure calculations made by and for the PSD and ACP 54 |
| | Discussion of the PSD exposure calculations and of the conclusions drawn by ACP 57 |
| | The Green Code 59 |
| | Conclusions 60 |
| | CHAPTER 4 • Legal liability for pesticide exposure 62 |
| | Tortious liability 62 |
| | Pervasive problems in establishing liability 66 |
| | Related legal issues 68 |
| | The role of the legal system 70 |
| | CHAPTER 5 • The governance of agricultural pesticides 71 |
| | Agricultural pesticides regulation 71 |
| | The approvals process for agricultural pesticides 72 |
| | The operation of the ACP and the PSD 77 |
| | The use of agricultural pesticides: statutory requirements and the Green Code 87 |
| | Monitoring and enforcement of agricultural pesticides regulations 95 |
| | Other policies and non-governmental schemes affecting the use of pesticides 96 |
| | The economic impact of our recommendations 101 |
| | Conclusions 103 |
| | CHAPTER 6 • Conclusions and recommendations 104 |
| | Scientific evidence 104 |
| | Health issues 104 |
| | Exposure assessment 106 |
| | Risk assessment 106 |
| | Governance issues 107 |
| | Public information 107 |
| | Economic issues 107 |
| | Recommendations 108 |
| | REFERENCES 113 |
| | APPENDIX A - Ministerial statement 127 |
| | APPENDIX B - Announcement of study and invitation to submit evidence 129 |
| | APPENDIX C - Conduct of the study 131 |
| | APPENDIX D - Public meeting 137 |
| | APPENDIX E - Pesticides: an explanatory note 140 |
| | APPENDIX F - Chronic fatigue syndrome 145 |
| | APPENDIX G - Multiple chemical sensitivity 147 |
| | APPENDIX H - Applications of magnetic resonance spectroscopy to toxicology and the clinical |
| | assessment of the impact of pesticides 150 |
| | APPENDIX I - Lessons from the Gulf war syndrome 152 |
| | APPENDIX J - Green card pilot scheme 155 |
| | APPENDIX K - Pesticide data packages 157 |
| | Glossary 160 |
| | Acronyms 170 |