| | Wind Energy in the Polish Power System |
| | 1,14 | | MB |
| | 68 | | stron |
| | 5186 | | ID | Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza |
| | 2002 | | rok |
| | CONTENTS |
| | FOREWORD10 |
| | 1. INTRODUCTION11 |
| | 2. WIND RESOURCES15 |
| | 2.1. WIND ENERGY AS A COMPONENT OF SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT 15 |
| | 2.2. HARNESSING WIND ENERGY16 |
| | 2.3. WORLD USE OF WIND ENERGY17 |
| | 2.4. THE POWER OF WIND .19 |
| | 2.5. WIND RESOURCES EVALUATION 22 |
| | 3. POLISH WIND CONDITIONS. .24 |
| | 4. POLISH POWER MARKET .27 |
| | 4.1. POLISH POWER SYSTEM .27 |
| | 4.2. MARKET DESCRIPTION-GENERAL REMARKS.27 |
| | 4.3. MARKET PARTICIPANTS 29 |
| | 4.3.1. Regulation of the electric energy market 29 |
| | 4.3.2. Generation30 |
| | 4.3.3. Transmission 33 |
| | 4.3.4. Distribution .35 |
| | 5. WIND ENERGY IN THE POLISH POWER SYSTEM 37 |
| | 5.1. MARKET ASPECTS37 |
| | 5.2.TECHNICAL ASPECT.37 |
| | 5.2.1. Grid constrains .37 |
| | 5.2.2. Power quality constrains.38 |
| | 5.3. FORMAL PROCEDURES OF ESTABLISHING A WIND FARM .39 |
| | 6. LEGISLATION .42 |
| | 6.1. INTERNATIONAL FRAMEWORK 42 |
| | 6.2. POLISH LEGAL FRAMEWORK .43 |
| | 6.2.1. Development Strategy of Renewable Energy Sector43 |
| | 6.2.2. Polish Energy Act .43 |
| | 6.2.3. Ordinance of the Minister of Economy on Electricity Purchase Obligation .45 |
| | 6.2.4. Power Purchase Obligation – Meeting the Target 47 |
| | 6.2.5. Ordinance of Minister of Economy Concerning Detailed Principles of Setting Energy Tariffs |
| | 49 |
| | 7. FINANCING OF WIND ENERGY.51 |
| | 7.1. FOREIGN FOUNDING SOURCES 51 |
| | 7.1.1. Flexible Kyoto Mechanisms51 |
| | 7.1.2. World Bank.53 |
| | 7.1.3. The Global Environment Facility.53 |
| | 7.1.4. PHARE – European Union Assistance Program 54 |
| | 7.1.5. Instruments for Structural Policies for Pre-Accession.(ISPA) .54 |
| | 7.1.6. The Altener Program 54 |
| | 7.1.7. Bilateral Programmes.55 |
| | 7.2. POLISH FOUNDING SOURCES.56 |
| | 7.2.1 Foundation EKOFUNDUSZ (ECOFUND)56 |
| | 7.2.2 The National Found for Environmental Protection and Water Management56 |
| | 7.3. COMMERCIAL SOURCES 58 |
| | 7.3.1 The Bank of Environmental Protection 59 |
| | 7.3.2 The Bank of Export Development59 |
| | 8. MAJOR WIND FARM PROJECTS IN POLAND60 |
| | 8.1. PROJECTS COMPLETED 60 |
| | 8.2. PROJECTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT PHASE61 |
| | 8.3 JOINT IMPLEMENTATION PROJECT: SKROBOTOWO WINDPARK62 |
| | 9. SUMMARY.65 |
| | ANNEX I. MICROSITING.68 |
| | ANNEX II. LIST OF ANNEX I COUNTRIES.70 |
| | REFERENCES.71 |