| | IMPLEMENTATION GUIDE FOR LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY |
| | 0,17 | | MB | PROJECTS IN THE NORTHEAST |
| | 71 | | stron |
| | 5199 | | ID | SCS ENGINEERS |
| | 1999 | | rok |
| | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| | 1 INTRODUCTION 1-1 |
| | Background 1-1 |
| | Purpose of the Handbook 1-2 |
| | Report Organization 1-2 |
| | 2 STATE OF THE LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY INDUSTRY . 2-1 |
| | Introduction 2-1 |
| | LFG Generation . 2-1 |
| | LFG Collection Methods . 2-3 |
| | Vertical Well System 2-3 |
| | Horizontal Trench System 2-3 |
| | Combined Leachate/LFG Collection Systems . 2-5 |
| | Cover Venting Systems 2-5 |
| | Typical Landfill Characteristics 2-5 |
| | LFG Utilization Technologies . 2-5 |
| | Overview . 2-5 |
| | Current Applications 2-6 |
| | Potential Future Applications . 2-11 |
| | Economics 2-12 |
| | Public Utility Regulatory Policy Act (PURPA) . 2-12 |
| | Cost Elements 2-13 |
| | Project Revenues . 2-13 |
| | Federal Programs . 2-15 |
| | Environmental Issues 2-16 |
| | Air Emissions 2-16 |
| | Subtitle D . 2-17 |
| | Clean Air Act - New Source Performance Standards . 2-17 |
| | LFG Condensate Management . 2-18 |
| | Institutional Issues 2-19 |
| | Project Ownership . 2-19 |
| | LFG Developers 2-19 |
| | Financing Mechanisms . 2-20 |
| | Project Impediments . 2-21 |
| | 3 PROJECT APPROACH . 3-1 |
| | Introduction 3-1 |
| | LFG Utilization Projects in the Northeast 3-1 |
| | LFG Industry Interviews . 3-1 |
| | LFG Developers . 3-1 |
| | Landfill Owners 3-1 |
| | Energy Users . 3-3 |
| | Financial Institutions 3-3 |
| | Interview Approach . 3-3 |
| | 4 SUCCESSFUL PROJECT CRITERIA AND IMPEDIMENTS TO LFG UTILIZATION 4-1 |
| | Introduction 4-1 |
| | Landfill Characteristics 4-1 |
| | Successful Factors . 4-1 |
| | Impediments 4-2 |
| | LFG Collection Systems . 4-3 |
| | Successful Factors . 4-3 |
| | Impediments 4-5 |
| | LFG Utilization Systems . 4-6 |
| | Successful Factors . 4-6 |
| | Impediments 4-7 |
| | Economics . 4-9 |
| | Successful Factors . 4-9 |
| | Impediments . 4-10 |
| | Institutional Issues 4-12 |
| | Successful Factors 4-12 |
| | Impediments . 4-13 |
| | Environmental Regulatory Issues . 4-15 |
| | Successful Factors 4-15 |
| | Impediments . 4-16 |
| | 5 IDENTIFICATION OF CANDIDATE NORTHEAST LANDFILLS FOR LFG UTILIZATION . 5-1 |
| | Methodology . 5-1 |
| | Candidate Landfills in the Northeast 5-3 |
| | LFG-To-Energy Potential in the Northeast . 5-4 |
| | 6 LANDFILL GAS MODELS . 6-1 |
| | LFG Generation Model 6-1 |
| | LFG Utilization Economic Model . 6-2 |
| | Model Assumptions . 6-2 |
| | Project Ownership Scenarios . 6-4 |
| | Economic Model Results . 6-4 |
| | Limitations . 6-6 |
| | 7 AREAS FOR FUTURE STUDY . 7-1 |