World review of fisheries and aquaculture 2006

4,73
MB

180
stron

5217
ID Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

2007
rok

CONTENTS

foreword iii

Acknowledgements xi

Glossary xii

P A R T 1

WORLD REVIEW OF FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE

fisheries resources: trends in production, utilization and trade 3

Overview 3

Capture fisheries production 8

Aquaculture 16

Fishers and fish farmers 22

The status of the fishing fleet 25

The status of fishery resources 29

Fish utilization 34

Consumption 36

Trade 41

Governance and policy 52

Notes 62

P A R T 2

SELECTED ISSUES IN FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE

The Code of Conduct for responsible fisheries: moving into the second decade of implementation

67

The issues 67

Possible solutions 72

Recent actions 74

Outlook 76

Sustainable growth and expansion of aquaculture: an ecosystem approach 76

The issue 76

Possible solutions 77

Recent developments 80

Outlook 84

The allocation of fishing rights: an evolving issue 84

The issue 84

Possible solutions 85

Recent developments 87

Outlook and future perspective 87

Impact of market-based standards and labels on international fish trade 88

The issue 88

Possible solutions 92

Recent actions 93

Future perspective 93

HIV and AIdS in fishing communities: a public health issue but also a fisheries development and

management concern 94

The issue 94

Possible solutions 97

Recent actions 98

Outlook 98

Notes 100

P A R T 3

HIGHLIGHTS OF SPECIAL STUDIES

rehabilitation of riverine habitat for fisheries 107

Introduction 107

General principles 107

Methods for rehabilitation 109

Conclusion 112

responsible fish trade and food security 112

Background 112

Main findings of the study 113

Trash or treasure? Low-value/trash fish from marine fisheries in the Asia–Pacific region 115

Introduction 115

Production of low-value/trash fish 116

Uses of low-value/trash fish 117

Issues associated with low-value/trash fish 118

Priority areas for further work 120

Conservation and management of shared fish stocks: legal and economic aspects 120

Some key issues 120

Transboundary fish stocks 121

Straddling and highly migratory fish stocks 123

Discrete high seas stocks 124

Marine capture fisheries management in the Indian ocean: status and trends 125

Introduction 125

Methodology 125

Ocean-wide trends 125

Summary and conclusions 130

refuelling the fishing fleet 131

The issue 131

Simulation of economic performance 133

Impact on the public sector 133

Long-term fuel prospects (beyond petroleum) 133

Conclusions 136

Causes of detentions and rejections in international fish trade 136

Introduction 136

Relative frequency of border cases by importing region 137

Categories of border cases: patterns and trends 138

Performance of exporters, grouped by continents, in major markets 138

Economic implications of border cases 141

Conclusions and recommendations 143

Notes 144

P A R T 4

OUTLOOK

Introduction 151

revisiting global projections 151

Medium-term challenges and constraints for aquaculture 154

Notes 162