ANALYSIS OF EPR POLICIES AND LEGISLATION THROUGH

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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SELECTED EPR PROGRAMMES FOR EEE -

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Based on the In-Depth Study of a Japanese EPR Regulation

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International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics

2000

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Table of contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.2

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.4

SUMMARY OF ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE THESIS .5

1. INTRODUCTION 8

1.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE THESIS 8

1.2 SCOPE OF THE THESIS . 8

1.3 RATIONALE FOR THE SELECTION OF EEE AND THE FIVE REGULATIONS 9

1.4 METHODOLOGY OF THE RESEARCH. 10

1.5 STRUCTURE OF THE THESIS 13

2. EXTENDED PRODUCER RESPONSIBILITY. 14

2.1 WHAT IS EXTENDED PRODUCER RESPONSIBILITY? . 14

2.2 WHY CONSIDER EPR? 16

2.3 TYPES OF RESPONSIBILITY . 17

2.4 STYLES OF ENFORCEMENT . 18

2.5 APPLICATION OF EPR PROGRAMMES TO DIFFERENT KINDS OF PRODUCTS 19

2.6 ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT AND EPR . 19

3. SPECIFIED HOME APPLIANCE RECYCLING (SHAR) LAW IN JAPAN 22

3.1 BACKGROUND. 22

3.1.1 Present mass consumption – mass disposal society and waste management in crisis . 22

3.1.2 EEE at the waste stream 23

3.1.3 Related Legislation and Development of the Specified Household Appliances Recycling Law

25

3.2 OUTLINE OF THE LEGISLATION 29

3.3 REACTION OF THE MANUFACTURERS 34

3.4 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SHAR LAW 47

3.4.1 Second law that legally binds industries involved in the waste management 48

3.4.2 Targets and their reflection to the objectives. 48

3.4.3 Limited product range . 51

3.4.4 Range of responsibility that is given to the producers and allocation of responsibility to other

players . 53

3.4.5 Funding mechanisms. 54

3.4.6 Historical and orphaned products 58

3.4.7 Infrastructure for the take-back and recycling systems 58

3.4.8 Timing of the enforcement. 59

4. COMPARISON OF KEY ISSUES AMONG FIVE EPR PROGRAMMES 60

4.1 TARGET SETTING AND THEIR REFLECTION ON THE OBJECTIVES OF THE LAW 61

4.2 SCOPE OF THE PROGRAMMES. 68

4.3 RANGE OF PRODUCER RESPONSIBILITY AND ALLOCATION OF RESPONSIBILITY TO

OTHER PLAYERS. 72

4.4 FUNDING MECHANISM 81

4.5 HISTORICAL AND ORPHANED PRODUCTS. 87

4.6 INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE TAKE-BACK AND RECYCLING SYSTEM 90

5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUDING DISCUSSION 92

5.1 FINDINGS FROM THE JAPANESE SPECIFIED HOME APPLIANCE (SHAR) LAW. 92

5.2 SUGGESTIONS . 93

5.3 DISCUSSION. 96

5.4 FUTURE RESEARCH. 100

REFERENCES101

APPENDIX.106