Automatic Site Selection of Anaerobic Digestion Plants: A

1,91

MB

Sustainable Development Tool

55

stron

5243

ID

University of Strathclyde

2006

rok

Contents

1 Copyright Declaration6

2 Acknowledgments7

3 Abstract8

4 Contents.9

5 Table of Figures.10

6 Introduction11

7 Objectives12

8 Introduction to Sustainability.13

8.1 Definition & Interpretation13

8.2 History of Sustainable Development.13

8.2.1 Stockholm – 197213

8.2.2 Rio de Janeiro – 199214

8.2.3 Johannesburg – 200214

8.3 Sustainability in the UK – post 1994.15

8.4 Sustainable Development in Scotland.16

9 Greenhouse gas emissions and sustainability18

9.1 Global energy review.18

9.2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions20

9.3 UK Energy.21

9.4 Current energy supply in Scotland.23

9.5 Renewable Energy Drivers24

9.5.1 The New Renewables Obligations.24

9.5.2 Capital Grants24

9.5.3 The Climate Change Levy.24

9.5.4 Performance and Innovation Unit25

9.5.5 Green Tariffs25

9.5.6 UK Carbon Trading Scheme25

10 Waste and sustainability26

10.1 EU Policy.27

10.2 Scottish Waste29

10.3 Sewage in Scotland30

10.3.1 Disposal Pre 199830

10.3.2 Daldowie Sludge Treatment Facility.30

10.3.3 SEPA Evaluation.30

10.3.4 Court of Session Ruling.31

10.3.5 Future Disposal Route31

11 Anaerobic Digestion (AD).32

11.1 Introduction32

11.2 History33

11.3 AD Process.34

11.4 Microbial Process.36

11.4.1 Temperature.37

11.4.2 Hydraulic Retention Time37

11.4.3 Organic Loading Rate37

11.4.4 Ammonia Concentration38

11.5 AD Impact39

11.5.1 Environmental39

11.5.2 Socio-political40

11.5.3 Economics40

12 Automatic Site Selection Tool.42

12.1 AD Calculation Tool42

12.2 Modified Calculator.43

12.2.1 Analysis Approach.43

Population Data45

12.3 Central Belt Scotland Analysis45

12.3.1 Results46

13 Conclusions47

14 Appendix48

14.1 Example Population File48

14.2 Visual Basic.49

14.2.1 Full Script.49

14.2.2 Additional Visual Basic Info.53

14.3 GIS Mapping54

14.4 Results57

15 References58