An Investigation Into The Implications of Using Very Wet

0,31

MB

Biomass As A Fuel

105

stron

5249

ID

University of Strathclyde

2006

rok

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments iii

Table of Contents iv

List of Tables v

List of Figures vi

Abstract vii

Chapter One Introduction

1.1 Background

1.2 Objectives

Chapter Two Biomass

Intro

What is Biomass?

History

2.4 Sources of Wood Waste

2.4.2 Scottish Wood Waste Sources & Characteristics

2.4.3 Forestry Harvesting

2.4.4 Timber Processing

2.4.5 Scottish Wood Waste Source Overview

Wood Waste as a Biofuel

Summary

Chapter Three Conversion Technologies

3.1 Direct Combustion 23

3.2 Pyrolyisis 24

3.2.1 Thermal Depolymerisation

3.2.2 History

3.2.3 Theory and process

3.2.4 Limitations

3.2.5 Current status

3.3 Gasification 31

3.4 Anaerobic Digestion

3.4.1 Stages

3.4.2 Operating Parameters

3.4.3 The Digestate

3.4.4 The Anaerobic Digestor

3.5 Ethanol Production

3.5.1 Background

3.5.2 Ethanol from Cellulose

3.5.3 Acid Hydrolysis

3.5.4 Enzymatic Hydrolysis

3.5.5 Thermo-chemical Processes

3.5.6 Commercialisation Efforts

3.5.7 Summary

3.6 Summary 52

Chapter Four Using Very Wet Biomass as a Fuel Source

4.1 Introduction 53

4.2 Direct Combustion of Wet Wood

4.2.1 Understanding Combustion

4.3 Biomass Drying

4.3.1 Why Dry Fuel?

4.3.2 Principles of Drying

4.4 Types of Dryer

4.4.1 Rotary Dryers

4.4.2 Flash Dryers

4.4.3 Disk Dryers

4.4.4 Superheated Steam Dryers

4.5 Heat Recovering

4.5.1. Air Drying Heat Recovery

4.5.2 SSD Heat Recovery

4.6 The Problems with Drying

4.6.1 Summary

4.7 Wet Biomass Gasification

4.7.1 Background

4.7.2 Experimental results

4.8 Summary 79

Chapter Five Further Work 80

Chapter Six Discussion and Conclusion 82

Appendix

Appendix A The RITE – Honda Process

References and

Bibliography