Analysis of the utilisation of renewable energy for remote small

0,61

MB

– scale desalination

130

stron

5250

ID

University of Strathclyde

2003

rok

Contents

Contents 4

List of Figures 7

Abstract 8

Section One – Analysis of the Problem 10

1.1 Introduction 11

1.2 Method of analysis 13

1.3 Parameters of case study 15

Section Two – Development of Selection Tools 18

2.1 The parameters of small – scale desalination 19

2.2 Selection tool for small – scale desalination 21

2.3 Lundy Island case – study: Part One 28

2.4 Why use renewable energy? 31

2.5 Renewable energy selection process 32

2.6 Lundy Island case – study: Part Two 39

Section Three – Systems Analysis 42

3.1 The Mechanical Vapour Compression system 43

3.1.1 MVC system analysis: Defining important parameters 47

3.1.2 MVC system analysis: Thermodynamic analysis 49

3.1.3 Analysis of MVC results 55

3.1.4 Conclusion of MVC analysis 63

3.2 The Reverse Osmosis System 65

3.2.1 Energy recovery in RO 70

3.2.2 RO system analysis: Defining important parameters 74

3.2.3 Analysis of RO results 76

3.2.4 Conclusion of RO results 89

3.3 Desalination by wind energy 90

3.4 Environmental considerations 96

Section Four – Conclusions 98

4.1 Conclusions 99

4.2 Further work 101

Section Five – Appendices 102

5.1 Appendix 1: MVC MATHCAD program 103

5.2 Appendix 2: MVC proof 112

5.3 Appendix 3: MVC Summer results (rp = 1.3) 115

5.4 Appendix 4: MVC Summer results (rp = 1.2) 116

5.5 Appendix 5: MVC Summer results (rp = 1.1) 117

5.6 Appendix 6: MVC Winter results (rp = 1.1) 118

5.7 Appendix 7: MVC Winter results (rp = 1.2) 119

5.8 Appendix 8: MVC Winter results (rp = 1.3) 120

5.9 Appendix 9: RO MATHCAD program 121

5.10 Appendix 10: Summer & Winter RO results 130