FEASIBILITY STUDY IN SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT PROJECT,

1,07

MB

UTILIZATION OF BIOGAS PRODUCED IN AN ANAEROBIC DIGESTER

69

stron

5254

ID

University of Strathclyde

2005

rok

Contents

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..III

TABLE OF FIGURES . IV

CONTENTS V

ABSTRACT VI

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION TO ANAEROBIC DIGESTION .8

1.2 WHAT IS ANAEROBIC DIGESTION ? .11

1.3 DIFFERENT PHASES OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION . .12

1.3.1 IMPROVEMENTS TO THE OLD PROCEDURE.12

1.3.2 PHASE ISOLATION FOR EFFICIENCY .14

1.4 A SHORT HISTORY OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION . 14

CHAPTER 2 ENERGY AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTION

2.1 METHANE AND NATURAL GAS . 19

2.2 END-USE OF BIOGAS 21

2.3 WHY ANAEROBIC DIGESTION (AD) ? 24

2.3.1 WASTE TREATMENT BENEFITS . ..24

2.3.2 ENERGY BENEFITS .24

2.3.3 ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS . .24

2.3.4 ECONOMIC BENEFITS . .25

2.4 DESCRIPTION OF A SUCCESSFUL DIGESTION SYSTEM . .25

2.4.1 ECONOMIC ..25

2.4.2 DIRECT ECONOMIC BENEFITS .25

2.4.3 INDIRECT ECONOMIC BENEFITS . .26

2.4.4 NON-ECONOMIC 27

2.5 A BRIEF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS 27

2.5.1 KYOTO PROTOCOL 28

2.5.2 METHANE EMISSION .28

CHAPTER 3 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR OUR CASE STUDY

3.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND . .30

3.1.1 PURPOSE .30

3.1.2 EVALUATION CRITERIA 31

3.2 LOCATION . .31

3.3 POPULATION DATA .31

3.4 METHANE YIELD-ENERGY PRODUCED . 31

3.4.1 THE EQUATION TO ESTIMATE BODW .32

3.4.2 THE EQUATION TO ESTIMATE BODSL . .33

3.4.3 DETERMINATION OF AN EMISSION FACTOR (EF) AND ESTIMATION OF A METHANE

CONVERSION FACTOR (MCF).33

3.5 HOW MUCH ENERGY ? . .36

3.6 GAS CLEANUP REQUIREMENTS 36

3.7 DIGESTER DESIGNS 37

CHAPTER 4 TECHNOLOGY SURVEY

4.1 RECIPROCATING ENGINES . 40

4.2 FUEL CELLS .41

4.3 MICROTURBINES .42

4.4 CONCLUSIONS . .43

CHAPTER 5 LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSES OF SELECTED BIOGAS UTILIZATION OPTION

5.1 PURPOSE OF LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS . .44

5.2 CASE 0:STATUS QUO . .44

5.3 CASE 1:H2S REMOVAL 45

5.4 CASE 2:MICROTURBINE WITH HEAT RECOVERY . 45

5.5 CASE 3:H2S REMOVAL AND MICROTURBINE WITH HEAT RECOVERY .46

5.6 LCC ANALYSIS OVERVIEW .47

5.7 OPERATION STRATEGIES FOR PROCESS MODELS 48

5.8 ECONOMIC INPUTS . 49

5.9 EQUIPMENT PERFORMANCE & OPERATIONAL DATA .49

5.10 BASE CASE 1:INPUT VALUES - H2S REMOVAL 49

5.10.1 BASE CASE 1:OUTPUT VALUES-- H2S REMOVAL 51

5.11.1 BASE CASE 2B :OUTPUT VALUES . 52

5.12 SUMMARY OF BASE CASES . ..53

CHAPTER 6 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS

6.1 ESTIMATED EMISSIONS REDUCTION OF SELECTED BIOGAS UTILIZATION OPTIONS .54

6.2 POLLUTANT EMISSIONS.54

6.3 ENVIRONMENTAL VALUE OF REDUCTION . .55

6.4 BASE CASE EMISSIONS . .55

6.5 CASE 1:HYDROGEN SUFIDE REMOVAL . .56

6.5.1 CASE 1 EMISSIONS .57

6.6 CASE 2B:MICROTURBINE WITH HEAT RECOVERY . .58

6.6.1 CASE 2B EMISSIONS . .58

CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSIONS OF OUR FEASIBILITY STUDY

7.1 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION . .62

REFERENCES . 65

APPENDIX A

ABBREVIATIONS -GLOSSARY . .67

APPENDIX B

TABLES . .68

BIBLIOGRAPHY . 69