A Feasibility Study on Use of Alternative Fuels at Construction

0,73
MB Site Activities

88
stron

5269
ID University of Strathclyde

2006
rok

Contents

1. Chapter 1

Biomass Energy Basics

Classification of Biomass

Biofuels

Conversion Process

1. Biochemical Conversion Process

2. Photo Biological Conversion Process

3. Thermo chemical Conversion Process

Bio Power

Technologies

1. Direct Firing

2. Co-Firing

3. Gasification

4. Pyrolysis

5. Anaerobic Digestion

Biobased Chemical and Materials

Products and Applications

1. Green Chemicals

2. Renewable Plastics

3. Natural Fiber

4. Natural Structural Materials

Production Technologies

1. Biomass processing system

2. Separation technologies

3. Bioremediation

2. Chapter 2

What is biodiesel?

What are the benefits of biodiesel?

The Need for biodiesel

Biodiesel Production

1. Mixing of Alcohol and Catalyst

2. Separation

3. Alcohol Removal

4. Glycerin Neutralization

5. Methyl Ester wash

6. Product Quality

Specification of Pure Biodiesel EN 14214

Specification of current Automotive fuel EN 590

What are biodiesel Advantages?

1. Cetane Number

2. Emissions

3. Flash point

4. Lubricity

How are biofuels used

1. Pure fuel (B100)

2. Blends (typically 20-50%)

3. As an Additive (1-2%)

3. Chapter 3

Introduction

The EU Biofuels Directive

Government Climate change Policy

Biofuels Background

Current Policy and UK market for biofuels

1. Environmental Performance

2. Agriculture and Rural Development Issues

Fuel Security and Diversity of Supply

1. Production Cost

2. Areas of Concern

Long term Outlook

Policy option for promoting biofuels

1. Fuel Duty incentive

2. Renewable fuel Obligation

3. Voluntary Agreement

Supporting measures

1. Regional Capital Grants

2. Enhanced Capital Allowances

3. Research and Development

4. Encouraging best Environmental practice

4. Chapter 4

Overview

The role of Construction Industry towards Sustainable

Developments

Key issues and Current Scenario

The need for Environmental Agency

The Recommended Solution

Current Scenario of construction pollution and waste management requirements

Improved Environmental Efficiency of Buildings

1. Increased Skills development and training

Overview of Xscape Project

Related Work done to date

Chapter 5

Different types of construction Equipments

2. Excavator

3. Backhoe loaders

4. Dumper

5. Compressor

Plant and Fuel Analysis

Analysis of plant hire according to number of days

Diesel fuel purchase Analysis

Comparative performance studies

1. Fossil/Biodiesel comparison

2. Life Cycle Analysis

3. GHG emissions

4. Energy Requirements

Modification for Biodiesel Engines

1. Rubber Seals

2. Cold Starting

3. Oil changing

4. Engine Timing

Long term Effects of Biodiesel

Cost Benefit Analysis

Summary

6. Chapter 6

Conclusion

1. Land Use and Production

2. Environmental Conclusion

3. Policy

4. The Future of Biofuels