Response of the proto- and small metazooplankton

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assemblage during an iron fertilization experiment in the Polar

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Frontal Zone of the Southern Ocean

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Alfred-Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research

2004

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Table of Contents

Zusammenfassung 1

Summary 6

1. General Introduction 11

1.1 The evolving role of heterotrophic protists in the perception of marine plankton ecology 11

1.2 The role of small copepods in the pelagic ecosystem of the Southern Ocean 20

2. Aims and outlines of this thesis 23

3. Manuscripts 29

3.1 Assmy, P. and Henjes, J. (to be submitted). Response of a diatom community to iron

fertilization in the Polar Frontal Zone of the Southern Ocean (EisenEx) 31

3.2 Henjes, J. and Assmy, P. (to be submitted). Response of the protozoo- and small

metazooplankton assemblage to an iron-induced phytoplankton bloom during EisenEx. 81

3.3 Assmy, P. and Henjes, J. (to be submitted). Vertical distribution of non-motile particles and

planktonic organisms during an iron fertilization experiment in the Polar Frontal Zone of the Southern

Ocean (EisenEx). 131

3.4 Henjes, J. and Assmy, P. (to be submitted). Response of larger protozooplankton to an iron-

induced phytoplankton bloom in the Polar Frontal Zone of the Southern Ocean (EisenEx). 167

3.5 Smetacek, V., Assmy, P. and Henjes, J. (submitted). The role of grazing in structuring Southern

Ocean ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles. 217

4. Synthesis 275

4.1 Role of protozoa and small metazoa in the pelagic food web of the Southern Ocean 275

4.2 Role of protozoa and metazoa in particle production driving vertical fluxes and distribution of

elements in the Southern Ocean 277

4.3 The importance of iron fertilization for future research 283

5. Literatur Cited 287