Persistent, Bioaccumulative and Toxic Chemicals in Central and

1,89
MB Eastern European Countries - State-of-the-art Report

339
stron

5382
ID Masaryk University Brno

2007
rok

Content

Table of Content:

List of abbreviations

1. Persistent, Bioaccumulative, Toxic substances

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Global distribution of POPs

1.3 Trends and environmental recycling of POPs

1.4 References

2. Sources of PBT compounds in Central and Eastern European countries

2.1 References

3. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

3.1 Properties

3.2 Sources

3.3 Sources and production in CEE countries

3.4 Environmental fate

3.5 Exposure pathways and metabolism

3.6 Toxicological effects

3.7 References

4. Chlorinated pesticides

4.1 Properties

4.1.1 DDT

4.1.2 HCB

4.1.3 Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs)

4.2 Sources

4.3 Sources and production in CEE countries

4.4 Environmental fate

4.5 Exposure pathways and metabolism

4.5.1 DDT

4.5.2 HCB

4.6 Toxicological effects

4.6.1 DDT

4.6.2 HCB

4.7 Other chlorinated pesticides with PBT characteristics

4.8 References

5. Hexachlorobenzene and other polychlorinated benzenes

5.1 Properties

5.2 Sources

5.3 Sources and production in CEE countries

5.4 Environmental fate

5.5 Exposure pathways and metabolism

5.6 Toxicological effects

5.7 References

6. Polychlorinated biphenyls

6.1 Properties

6.2 Sources

6.3 Sources and production in CEE countries

6.4 Environmental fate

6.5 Exposure pathways and metabolism

6.6 Toxicological effects

6.7 References

7. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans

7.1 Properties

7.2 Sources

7.3 Sources and production in CEE countries

7.4 Environmental fate

7.5 Exposure pathways and metabolism

7.6 Toxicological effects

7.7 References

8. Polychlorinated naphthalenes

8.1 Properties

8.2 Sources

8.3 Sources and production in CEE countries

8.4 Environmental fate

8.5 Exposure pathways and metabolism

8.6 Toxicological effects

8.7 References

9. Project TOCOEN (Toxic Organic Compounds in the ENvironment)

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Project TOCOEN model sites

9.3 Sites with long-term programme

9.3.1 Mokrá (model site 1a)

9.3.2 Regional background observatory Košetice (model site 3)

9.3.3 The model source of PAHs - DEZA Valašské Meziříčí (model site 5)

9.3.4 The model source of PAHs - Coal and Gas Fuel Company Vřesová (model site 10)

9.3.5 Morava river catchment area (model site 11)

9.3.6 Region Zlín - Project IDRIS (model site 12)

9.3.7 Other research areas and projects

9.4 References

10. PBTs compounds in CEE countries - pilot studies and monitoring programmes

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Air

10.2.1 Emission inventories

10.2.2 Ambient air levels

10.2.3 References

10.3 Water and sediments

10.3.1 Introduction

10.3.2 The Adriatic Sea

10.3.3 The Baltic Sea

10.3.4 The Black Sea

10.3.5 Danube River projects and studies

10.3.6 Danube Regional Pesticide Studies

10.3.7 Project Elbe

10.3.8 Project Odra

10.3.9 Vistula River

10.3.10 Lakes

10.3.11 References

10.4 Soils

10.4.1 The contamination of soils in CEE countries

10.4.2 References

10.5 High-mountain ecosystems

10.5.1 References

10.6 Aquatic wildlife

10.6.1 The Adriatic Sea

10.6.2 The Baltic Sea

10.6.3 Inland waters

10.6.4 References

10.7 Terrestrial wildlife

10.7.1 References

10.8 Vegetation

10.8.1 References

10.9 Foods, transfer studies

10.9.1 References

10.10Human exposure

10.10.1 Chlorinated pesticides and PCBs

10.10.2 PCDDs/Fs

10.10.3 References

11. Environmental levels of PBTs compounds in CEE countries

11.1 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

11.2 Chlorinated pesticides

11.3 Polychlorinated biphenyls

11.4 Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzo-furans

11.5 Polychlorinated naphthalenes

11.6 References

12. Study of fate and effects of PBT compounds

12.1 Environmental fate of PBT compounds

12.2 Study of effects of PBT compounds

12.2.1 Biochemical monitoring

12.2.2 The study of PAH phytotoxicity

12.2.3 References

12.3 Modelling

12.4 Human risk assessment

12.4.1 References

12.5 Ecological risk assessment

12.5.1 Project IDRIS

12.5.2 References