| | Literature review of the “Blue Corridors” concept and it´s |
| | 0,99 | | MB | applicability to the Baltic Sea |
| | 72 | | stron |
| | 5384 | | ID | University of Tartu |
| | 2006 | | rok |
| | CONTENTS |
| | 0 PREFACE. 1 |
| | 1 INTRODUCTION 2 |
| | 1.1 Definitions:. 2 |
| | 2 CONNECTIVITY AMONG THE MARINE HABITATS AND ECOSYSTEMS 3 |
| | 2.1 Connectivity of marine communities on habitat and landscape scales. 3 |
| | 2.2 Connectivity within habitats: implication of habitat fragmentation. 5 |
| | 2.3 Importance of spatial characteristics of habitat fragments on colonisation success. 5 |
| | 2.4 Effects of habitat fragmentation vs habitat loss on marine populations 6 |
| | 2.5 Artificial structures and habitat fragmentation. 8 |
| | 2.6 Habitat fragmentation and dispersal of marine species 8 |
| | 3 BIOGEOGRAPHIC ASPECTS OF THE BALTIC SEA ECOSYSTEM 11 |
| | 3.1 Hydrology 11 |
| | 3.2 Geology/morphology of coastline and seabed 12 |
| | 3.3 Biological aspects . 12 |
| | 3.4 Environmental conditions determining the structure of animal and plant communities in the Baltic |
| | Sea region. 13 |
| | 3.5 Alien invasive species. 16 |
| | 3.6 Human pressure (pollution and eutrophication) 17 |
| | 4 TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION IN LIFE CYCLES OF BALTIC SPECIES 21 |
| | 4.1 Life cycles of fish 21 |
| | 4.2 Life histories, dispersal, and habitat requirements of marine invertebrates in Baltic waters 24 |
| | 4.2.1 Life-histories and modes of reproduction 25 |
| | 4.2.2 Patterns of dispersal and population connectivity. 27 |
| | 4.2.3 Reproductive surplus 28 |
| | 4.2.4 Triangular meshes in the food web. 30 |
| | 4.2.5 Habitat requirements and connectivity 33 |
| | 4.2.6 Passive transport of invertebrates along Blue corridors . 34 |
| | 5 GENETIC ASPECTS OF CONNECTIVITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE BALTIC SEA 36 |
| | 5.1 Importance of genetic considerations in MPA planning 36 |
| | 5.2 Genetic information can contribute to the knowledge about what to protect 37 |
| | 5.3 Performance of an MPA and genetic information. 38 |
| | 5.4 Management of genetic resources . 38 |
| | 5.5 Genetic structure of Baltic populations . 39 |
| | 5.6 Genetic information can aid in the design and management of a MPA, or a network of MPAs. 39 |
| | |
| | 6 CONNECTIVITY OF POPULATIONS, HABITATS, ECOSYSTEMS USED IN MPA PLANNING |
| | INTERNATIONALLY. INTERNATIONAL EXAMPLES 41 |
| | 6.1 Principles of MPA planning. 41 |
| | 6.2 International examples of involving connectivity issues in MPA planning. 43 |
| | 6.2.1 Connectivity of Caribbean reef fishes . 43 |
| | 6.2.2 Metapopulation in the Great Barrier Reef . 44 |
| | 6.2.3 Design of the MPAs 45 |
| | 6.2.4 Connectivity of MPAs in case of invertebrates . 45 |
| | 6.2.5 Connectivity of macroalgal populations 46 |
| | 7 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS . 48 |
| | 8 REFERENCES. 50 |
| | Annex 1: Contributions per author |