| | Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water: A guide to their public health |
| | 2,09 | | MB | consequences, monitoring and management |
| | 148 | | stron |
| | 5474 | | ID | World Health Organization |
| | 1999 | | rok |
| | Table of Contents |
| | Foreword |
| | Acknowledgements |
| | Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION |
| | 1.1 Water resources |
| | 1.2 Eutrophication, cyanobacterial blooms and surface scums |
| | 1.3 Toxic cyanobacteria and other water-related health problems |
| | 1.4 Present state of knowledge |
| | 1.5 Structure and purpose of this book |
| | 1.6 References |
| | Chapter 2. CYANOBACTERIA IN THE ENVIRONMENT |
| | 2.1 Nature and diversity |
| | 2.2 Factors affecting bloom formation |
| | 2.3 Cyanobacterial ecostrategists |
| | 2.4 Additional information |
| | 2.5 References |
| | Chapter 3. CYANOBACTERIAL TOXINS |
| | 3.1 Classification |
| | 3.2 Occurrence of cyanotoxins |
| | 3.3 Production and regulation |
| | 3.4 Fate in the environment |
| | 3.5 Impact on aquatic biota |
| | 3.6 References |
| | Chapter 4. HUMAN HEALTH ASPECTS |
| | 4.1 Human and animal poisonings |
| | 4.2 Toxicological studies |
| | 4.3 References |
| | Chapter 5. SAFE LEVELS AND SAFE PRACTICES |
| | 5.1 Tolerable exposures |
| | 5.2 Safe practices |
| | 5.3 Other exposure routes |
| | 5.4 Tastes and odours |
| | 5.5 References |
| | Chapter 6. SITUATION ASSESSMENT, PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT |
| | 6.1 The risk-management framework |
| | 6.2 Situation assessment |
| | 6.3 Management actions, the Alert Levels Framework |
| | 6.4 Planning and response |
| | 6.5 References |
| | Chapter 7. IMPLEMENTATION OF MANAGEMENT PLANS |
| | 7.1 Organisations, agencies and groups |
| | 7.2 Policy tools |
| | 7.3 Legislation, regulations, and standards |
| | 7.4 Awareness raising, communication and public participation |
| | 7.5 References |
| | Chapter 8. PREVENTATIVE MEASURES |
| | 8.1 Carrying capacity |
| | 8.2 Target values for total phosphorus within water bodies |
| | 8.3 Target values for total phosphorus inputs to water bodies |
| | 8.4 Sources and reduction of external nutrient inputs |
| | 8.5 Internal measures for nutrient and cyanobacterial control |
| | 8.6 References |
| | Chapter 9. REMEDIAL MEASURES |
| | 9.1 Management of abstraction |
| | 9.2 Use of algicides |
| | 9.3 Efficiency of drinking water treatment in cyanotoxin removal |
| | 9.4 Chemical oxidation and disinfection |
| | 9.5 Membrane processes and reverse osmosis |
| | 9.6 Microcystins other than microcystin-LR |
| | 9.7 Effective drinking water treatment at treatment works |
| | 9.8 Drinking water treatment for households and small community supplies |
| | 9.9 References |
| | Chapter 10. DESIGN OF MONITORING PROGRAMMES |
| | 10.1 Approaches to monitoring programme development |
| | 10.2 Laboratory capacities and staff training |
| | 10.3 Reactive versus programmed monitoring strategies |
| | 10.4 Sample site selection |
| | 10.5 Monitoring frequency |
| | 10.6 References |
| | Chapter 11. FIELDWORK: SITE INSPECTION AND SAMPLING |
| | 11.1 Planning for fieldwork |
| | 11.2 Site inspection |
| | 11.3 Sampling |
| | 11.4 Nutrients, cyanobacteria and toxins |
| | 11.5 On-site analysis |
| | 11.6 Field records |
| | 11.7 Sample preservation and transport |
| | 11.8 References |
| | Chapter 12. DETERMINATION OF CYANOBACTERIA IN THE LABORATORY |
| | 12.1 Sample handling and storage |
| | 12.2 Cyanobacterial identification |
| | 12.3 Quantification |
| | 12.4 Determination of biomass using chlorophyll a analysis |
| | 12.5 Determination of nutrient concentrations |
| | 12.6 References |
| | Chapter 13. LABORATORY ANALYSIS OF CYANOTOXINS |
| | 13.1 Sample handling and storage |
| | 13.2 Sample preparation for cyanotoxin determination and bioassays |
| | 13.3 Toxicity tests and bioassays |
| | 13.4 Analytical methods for cyanotoxins |
| | 13.5 References |